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Google IT Cert: Course 2 > Bits & Bytes: Week 3, I - Transport Layer > Flashcards

Bits & Bytes: Week 3, I - Transport Layer Flashcards

1
Q

Gathering data from multiple application processes of sender, enveloping that data with header and sending them as a whole to the intended receiver

A

Multiplexing

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2
Q

Delivering received segments at receiver side to the correct app layer processes

A

Demultiplexing

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3
Q

A 16-bit number that’s used to direct traffic to specific services running on a networked computer

A

a Port

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4
Q

What is the traditional HTTP port on a computer?

A

Port 80

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5
Q

A program running on a computer whose job is waiting to be asked for data

A

A server or service

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6
Q

What is the general term for the following:

10.1.1.100:80

A

A socket number or socket port

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7
Q

ACRONYM:

FTP

A

File Transfer Protocol

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8
Q

Which port is used to connect to an FTP server?

A

Port 21

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9
Q

What encapsulates an IP Datagram?

A

An ethernet frame

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10
Q

What encapsulates a TCP segment?

A

an IP datagram

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11
Q

What is the equivalent of an IP Datagram or Ethernet frame in the Transport Layer?

A

a TCP segment

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12
Q

What part of the TCP header contains the port number of the service the data is being sent to? How many bits?

A

The destination port field; 16 bits

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13
Q

What part of the TCP header is a high numbered port chosen from a special section of ports known as ephemeral ports? How many bits?

A

The source port field; 16 bits

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14
Q

When a web server replies, it is this part of the TCP header’s job to send the data to the correct program (for example, a browser instead of a wifi printer)

A

The source port field

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15
Q

This part of the TCP header is a number that keeps track of where in a sequence of TCP segments this segment is supposed to be. How many bits?

A

the Sequence number; 32 bits

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16
Q

This part of the TCP header is a number that represents the following segment to the current one.. How many bits?

A

the Acknowledgement number; 32 bits

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17
Q

How many bytes can be sent in an ethernet frame?

A

1518 bytes

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18
Q

What part of the data offset field of the TCP header communicates the length of the header so the receiving device knows when the data payload begins? How many bits?

A

the Header Length Field; 4 bits

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19
Q

What are the two parts of a TCP Segment?

A

The TCP Header and the data section

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20
Q

How many TCP control flags are there in a TCP segment?

A

There are 6; making up a 6 bit field

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21
Q

TCP protocol is very reliant on ________________ to make sure everything is being received

A

Acknowledgements

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22
Q

What part of the TCP segment contains the range of a sequence of numbers that might be sent before the receiver needs to return an acknowledgement? How many bits?

A

The window; 16 bits

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23
Q

What follows the window in a TCP segment?

A

The checksum

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24
Q

What is the checksum checking?

A

The checksum checks to make sure all of the data in a segment made it to the destination without data loss or corruption.

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25
Q

What 2 parts of the TCP segment are rarely, if ever, used? How many bits are they each?

A

the Urgent field and the Options field; 16 bits each

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26
Q

What is the field that immediately precedes the payload of a TCP segment?

A

The padding field

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27
Q

Which field of the TCP segment ensures that the data payload begins at the expected location?

A

The padding field

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28
Q

What is in the padding field?

A

a sequence of zeros

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29
Q

What field is mostly not used except for in very complicated control protocols?

A

The Urgent Field

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30
Q

How many TCP control flags are there?

A

6

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31
Q

A value of one (1) in this TCP Control flag area indicates that the segment is considered urgent

A

URGent

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32
Q

As a protocol, _____ establishes connections used to send long chains of segments of data. ______ and _____ just send individual packets of data.

A

TCP; IP; Ethernet

33
Q

A value of one (1) in this TCP Control flag area indicates that the acknowledgement field should be examined

A

ACKnowledgement

34
Q

this TCP Control flag area indicates that the transmitting device wants the receiving device to push currently buffered data to the application on the receiving end as soon as possible

A

PuSH

35
Q

This TCP control flag area indicates that the data hasn’t been transmitted correctly and the data transfer for this TCP segment (or segments) needs to start over

A

ReSeT

36
Q

this TCP Control flag area indicates that the receiving device needs to examine the sequence number field

A

SYNchronize

37
Q

this TCP Control flag area indicates that all data has been transmitted and the connection can now be closed

A

FINish

38
Q

When a connection is going to be closed, one device sends a FIN flag of which the other device signals receipt with an ACK flag, and then the other device sends its own FIN flag of which the first device signals receipt with an ACK flag. What is this process called?

A

the Four-way Handshake

39
Q

When establishing a connection, a device sends a SYN flag to which a receiving device sends ACK/SYN flags in response. The originating device sends an ACK flag. This SYN, SYN/ACK, ACK exchange is known as…

A

the Three-way Handshake

40
Q

In computer networking, a ________ is how two devices ensure they are speaking the same protocol and will be able to understand eachother

A

handshake

41
Q

Upon receipt of a data segment over a TCP connection, what is always sent as a response?

A

A segment with an ACK flag

42
Q

This is the instantiation of an endpoint in a potential TCP connection

A

a Socket

43
Q

This is the actualization of something defined elsewhere; the creation of an instance of an abstraction

A

Instantiation

44
Q

This TCP socket state means that a TCP socket is ready and waiting for incoming connections

A

LISTEN

45
Q

This TCP socket state means that a synchronization request has been sent but the connection hasn’t been established yet

A

SYN_SENT

46
Q

This TCP socket state means that a socket previously in a LISTEN state has received a synchronization request and sent a SYN/ACK flag back.

A

SYN_RECEIVED

47
Q

This TCP socket state means that a TCP connection is in working order and both sides are free to send each other data

A

ESTABLISHED

48
Q

This TCP socket state means that a FIN flag has been sent but a corresponding ACK has not been received yet

A

FIN_WAIT

49
Q

This state means that the connection has been closed at the TCP layer but that the application that opened the socket hasn’t release its hold on the socket yet

A

CLOSE_WAIT

50
Q

This TCP socket state means that the connection has been fully terminated and no further communication is possible.

A

CLOSED

51
Q

LISTEN is a TCP socket state found on the client or server side?

A

Server side

52
Q

SYN_RECEIVED is a TCP socket state found on the client or server side?

A

Server side

53
Q

ESTABLISHED is a TCP socket state found on the client or server side?

A

Both client and server sides

54
Q

FIN_WAIT is a TCP socket state found on the client or server side?

A

Both client and server sides

55
Q

CLOSE_WAIT is a TCP socket state found on the client or server side?

A

Both client and server sides

56
Q

CLOSED is a TCP socket state found on the client or server side?

A

Both client and server sides

57
Q

SYN_SENT is a TCP socket state found on the client or server side?

A

Client side

58
Q

This type of protocol establishes a connection and by its standards, ensures that all data has been properly transmitted

A

Connection-Oriented Protocol

59
Q

Is TCP a connection-oriented or connectionless protocol?

A

TCP is a connection- oriented protocol

60
Q

How does TCP ensure that data that has been resent due to errors at lower levels is able to be assembled in the correct order?

A

Sequence Numbers

61
Q

Is UDP a connection-oriented or connectionless protocol?

A

UDP is a connectionless protocol

62
Q

This type of transfer protocol simply sends a packet of data without creating a connection with a stream of acknowledgements

A

Connectionless Protocol

63
Q

This protocol is more reliable but can require a lot of bandwidth; this protocol is less reliable but can send higher quality data packets because it requires less bandwidth

A

TCP (connection-oriented); UDP (connectionless)

64
Q

What is an example of data transfer using UDP?

A

Streaming video

65
Q

How many bits are used to represent a port?

A

16 bits

66
Q

What is the range of numbers that can be assigned to ports?

A

0-65535

67
Q

What port number isn’t used for network traffic but can be used for communication between different programs on the same device?

A

Port 0

68
Q

What is the range of numbers used to represent system ports?

A

1-1023

69
Q

What is another term for system ports?

A

Well-known ports

70
Q

What is the range of numbers used to represent registered ports?

A

1024-49151

71
Q

What is the range of numbers used to represent ephemeral ports?

A

49152-65535

72
Q

What is another term for ephemeral ports?

A

Private Ports

73
Q

This kind of port is considered the official port for most well-known network services.

A

System, or Well-known, Ports

74
Q

This kind of port is used for less common network services

A

Registered Ports

75
Q

This kind of port is unregistered, generally used for establishing outbound connections, and assigned to the client for just one connection

A

Ephemeral, or private, ports

76
Q

This is the primary way to stop unwanted traffic from entering a network

A

Firewalls

77
Q

In which TCP/IP model layer is a firewall most often used?

A

The transportation layer

78
Q

At the transportation layer, _______ are configured to block traffic to certain ports while allowing traffic to other ports

A

Firewalls

79
Q

Firewalls block ranges of IP addresses at the __________ layer,

A

Network

Google IT Cert: Course 2 (14 decks)

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