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Biting and Stinging Pests Flashcards

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1
Q

What makes stinging social insects more dangerous and more difficult to control?

A

Their mutual defense of the colony. Anyone who ventures too close to a social bee or wasp colony may experience stings not just from one or a few individuals, but possibly dozens to hundreds.

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2
Q

Unlike most other bees and wasps, ___________ only sting once.

A

honey bees

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3
Q

__________ nests usually consist of 30,000 or more individuals.

A

Honey bee

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4
Q

Very aggressive, swarm frequently, store less honey, and more likely to attack in response to nest disturbance.

A

Africanized honey bees (AHBs)

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5
Q

Nearly identical to AHBs in appearance, but important behavioral differences.

A

European honey bees

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6
Q

Do not build nests in hollow tree trunks or other cavities.

A

Bumble bees

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7
Q

Nests are primarily in underground holes or cavaties.

A

Bumble bees

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8
Q

Solitary bees nest in

A

underground holes and existing cavaties in wood and other materials

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9
Q

Social wasps are known as

A

vespids

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10
Q

Yellowjacket wasps, hornets, and paper wasps are

A

social wasps

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11
Q

Social wasps make paper nests from

A

chewed-up wood, paper, or cardboard

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12
Q

When do social wasps establish colonies

A

spring

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13
Q

When do social wasps abandon colonies

A

when winter approaches

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14
Q

All social wasps are capable of ___________

A

stinging

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15
Q

Social wasps that build their nests below ground, although above-ground nests also occur

A

yellowjacket wasps

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16
Q

Often found near trash cans, these wasps are opportunistic and will eat whatever food is available

A

yellowjacket wasps

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17
Q

Build their nests exclusively above ground and their colonies are usually relatively small containing 300-400 workers

A

baldfaced hornets

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18
Q

Largest social wasp in North America

A

European hornet

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19
Q

Relatively small colonies usually containing fewer than 200 workers

A

paper wasps

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20
Q

What do predator wasps do to their prey?

A

stings and paralyzes prey, drags it back to nest then an egg is laid on the paralyzed prey, and the resulting larva develops while ingesting it

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21
Q

These solitary predators are large and prefer sand and sandy soil for their nesting sites

A

cicada killer wasps

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22
Q

Solitary insects that lay their eggs on, or in, other insects or their eggs, which eventually kills them

A

parasitoid wasps

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23
Q

Not structural pests and do not sting, these insects when found indoors are usually attacking cockroaches or stored product pests, especially moths

A

parasitoid wasps

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24
Q

These flies use their mandibles to cut painful holes in skin

A

deer flies, black flies, and biting midges

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25
Q

Known as pool feeders because they mop up pooling blood from the cuts of their hosts

A

horse flies, deer flies, and black flies

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26
Q

Can transmit tulameria to humans after biting infected hosts

A

Deer fly

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27
Q

Adults are capable of flying long distances which makes chemical control not very effective

A

Horse flies and deer flies

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28
Q

No-see-ums and punkies are common names for

A

tiny biting midges

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29
Q

These mosquitoes prefer to feed at night

A

Culex

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30
Q

These mosquitoes readily bite during the day or in the evening

A

Aedes

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31
Q

Most common indoor flea pests in the U.S.

A

cat flea

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32
Q

Where do fleas lay their eggs?

A

On hosts, but the eggs quickly fall to the floor or pet beds

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33
Q

Where do flea eggs hatch?

A

On the floor or pet beds where they fall off host

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34
Q

Where do fleas spend their entire adult life?

A

On single host, unless groomed off

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35
Q

Why is vacuuming beneficial with a flea infestation?

A

Removes flea excrement and can remove up to 30% of flea larvae and 60% of flea eggs in carpet

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36
Q

An unemerged adult flea can remain inactive in the cocoon for how long under adverse conditions or when hosts are absent?

A

4-5 months

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37
Q

Unemerged adult fleas will respond to what type of stimuli?

A

Increased warmth, CO2, or vibrations

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38
Q

Active flea infestation treatment?

A

IGRs combined with short-lived adulticides with a 7-10 day follow up with adulticide, if needed for fleas emerging from pupal stage

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39
Q

Blood-feeding external parasites with a preference for feeding on humans

A

bed bugs

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40
Q

Signs of a bed bug infestation?

A

Molted exoskeletons, fecal stains on mattresses, eggs, and live or dead bed bugs

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41
Q

What stages of bed bugs feed on blood?

A

Nymphs and adults

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42
Q

Bed bugs nymphs go through five instars and require what before each molt?

A

a boodmeal

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43
Q

Adult female bed bugs require what before laying eggs?

A

a bloodmeal

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44
Q

One of the most important aspects of bed bug control

A

monitoring

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45
Q

Proven especially useful for bed bug monitoring programs?

A

Pitfall traps

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46
Q

Bed bug management is most effective when using

A

an integrated approach (monitoring, sanitation, bed and mattress encasements, foot barriers on bed, residual insecticides having two or more modes of action, and various forms of heat treatment)

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47
Q

Hairs are longer and more noticeable on bed bugs or bat bugs?

A

Bat bugs

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48
Q

In addition to bat bugs, what other bugs are in the same family and may also be mistaken?

A

Bird bugs

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49
Q

These bugs may occasionally bite humans, but require their own special hosts to survive for longer periods of time and to reproduce?

A

Bat bugs and bird bugs

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50
Q

Capable of delivering painful bites, these hemipterans are beneficial predators that mainly feed on other insects?

A

Assassin bugs

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51
Q

Also classified as assassin bugs, these bugs feed exclusively on the blood of vertebrates, including humans

A

Conenose bugs

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52
Q

Nocturnal and may bite people while they sleep, these bugs may bite people on their face since it is exposed giving them the nickname

A

“Kissing bugs” aka Conenose bugs

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53
Q

Capable of transmitting a parasite in their feces which causes Chagas disease aka American trypanosomiasis

A

Conenose bugs

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54
Q

Small, wingless insects in the order Phthiraptera

A

lice

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55
Q

Head lice cannot live for more than __________ off of their human hosts

A

two days

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56
Q

Spiders can be classified in what three types of hunting behaviors?

A

Passive hunters, active hunters, and web builders

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57
Q

Tarantulas, trapdoor spiders, and crab spiders can be classified by what hunting behavior?

A

passive hunters: do not spin webs; instead, they sit and wait for prey to pass by

58
Q

Wolf spiders, ground spiders, jumping spiders, sac spiders, and recluse spiders can be classified by what hunting behavior?

A

Active hunters: move about in search of prey

59
Q

Orb-weavers, cellar spiders, funnel-web spiders, and widow spiders can be classified by what hunting behavior?

A

Web builders: use silk to build elaborate structures to entrap or entangle prey

60
Q

This spider can be identified by its semicircular, paired arrangements of its six eyes

A

Brown recluse spider

61
Q

This spider has a habit of leaving their star-shaped cast skins hanging on timbers and the backs of furniture

A

Brown recluse spider

62
Q

Shy and not naturally agressive, these spiders frequently live in and around structures

A

Brown recluse spiders

63
Q

Spin silk, but webbing of these spiders is minimal and used to return to after hunting and where females lay eggs

A

Brown recluse spiders

64
Q

Venom of these spiders is Necrotic (tissue-killing)

A

Brown recluse spiders

65
Q

Bites from these spiders can be slow-healing sores, disfiguring skin ulcers, severe pain, and occasionally life-threatening complications

A

Brown recluse spiders

66
Q

These spiders get their name from the incorrect belief that the females always eat the males after mating

A

Widow spiders

67
Q

How many structure infesting species of widow spiders are found in all 48 states in the continental U.S.?

A

Four

68
Q

Egg sacs have spikes all over the surface

A

Brown widows (Black widow spiders have smooth egg sacs)

69
Q

Males are about half the size of females in these spiders

A

Widow spiders

70
Q

Venom of these spiders is a neurotoxin

A

Widow spiders

71
Q

Venom of these spider bites can cause pain, muscle contractions, cramps, perspiration, increased body temperatures, nausea, and in rare cases, death

A

Widow spiders

72
Q

Weave irregularly-shaped webs and do not clean or recycle (eat) them, as some spiders do, so extensive webbing can be built relatively quickly

A

Cellar spiders

73
Q

Most of these spiders have eight eyes - two in the middle and three on each side

A

Cellar spiders

74
Q

These spiders carry their eggs in their fangs

A

Cellar spiders

75
Q

These spiders hang upside down in their webs as they wait for their prey

A

Cellar spiders

76
Q

These spiders prefer cool, dark sites like basements, crawl spaces, garages, warehouses, and storage buildings

A

Cellar spiders

77
Q

Sometimes mistakenly called daddy-longlegs

A

Cellar spiders

78
Q

These spiders have eight eyes that are arranged in two rows of four

A

Hobo spiders

79
Q

These spiders are found principally in the Pacific Northwest

A

Hobo spiders

80
Q

Only have one body part and two eyes, these are often mistaken as daddy-longleg spiders, but are not even in the same order as spiders

A

Harvestmen

81
Q

These spiders create funnel-like webs in holes or cracks in walls, firewood piles, stacks of bricks, and other places

A

Hobo spiders

82
Q

These spiders do not climb, but are fast runners

A

Hobo spiders

83
Q

Eight eyes arranged in two rows, these spiders spin their silk sacs in ceiling corners and can be seen running across ceilings at night

A

Sac spiders

84
Q

Common backyard and field spiders

A

wolf spiders

85
Q

These spiders have a 4-2-2 eye pattern: four small eyes on the bottom, two very large eyes in the middle, and two more on the top of their heads

A

wolf spiders

86
Q

These spiders carry their egg sac at the tip of their abdomen using the spinnerets

A

wolf spiders

87
Q

Once eggs hatch, these young spiderlings hitch a ride on their mother’s back for a while

A

wolf spiders

88
Q

These spiders have eight eyes that are the same size, but different shapes

A

ground spiders

89
Q

These spiders can be recognized by a pair of elongate spinnerets at the tip of the abdomen

A

ground spiders

90
Q

Two large forward eyes, along with six smaller eyes, and may have better vision than all other spiders

A

Jumping spiders

91
Q

Ticks and mites belong to the arthropod group called

A

Acari (subclass of Arachnida)

92
Q

Do not go through metamorphosis, but do have four life stages:egg, larva, pupa, and adult

A

ticks

93
Q

Must have a bloodmeal during each developental stage

A

ticks

94
Q

Generally considered to be a livestock pest since most do not feed on humans

A

soft ticks

95
Q

Hardened part of the dorsal portion of the exoskeleton of ticks

A

scutum

96
Q

More than 90% of hard ticks must do what before reaching the adult stage?

A

feed on three separate hosts (three-host ticks)

97
Q

Most important tick borne illness in the U.S. by causing more than 300,000 cases each year?

A

Lyme disease

98
Q

Stage of tick development most likely to transmit Lyme disease?

A

Nymphs - because they must be attached to their hosts for at least 36 hours for the disease to be transmitted - adults are larger and usually noticed earlier

99
Q

Most important structural tick pest because of their ability of completing their life cycle indoors in the company of their canine hosts?

A

Brown dog ticks

100
Q

A single female brown dog tick can lay up to _______ eggs in her lifetime.

A

5,000

101
Q

These adult ticks can live as long as 200 days without a bloodmeal?

A

Brown dog ticks

102
Q

These mites are sometimes found in homes or other structures, but they do not bite or transmit diseases

A

clover mites

103
Q

Considered a nuissance pest because of their often-high numbers and may leave stains on curtains, carpets, or other surfaces

A

clover mites

104
Q

Live in mattresses and upholstered furniture, these mites fecal particles and shed exoskeletons fragments become mixed with floating house dust

A

house dust mites

105
Q

These mites occasionally bite humans

A

Bird mites, rodent mites, tropical rat mites, house mouse mites, tropical fowl mites, and northern fowl mites

106
Q

Most mites cannot live more than ________ without sustenance from their hosts

A

a week or two

107
Q

Mites that live outdoors in grass, soil, and weedy areas

A

chigger mites

108
Q

This mite larvae can bite people, however, they do not burrow into the skin as many people believe

A

chigger mite larvae

109
Q

Females burrow through, and feed on, human skin

A

scabies mites

110
Q

Infestations occur on the wrists, hands, elbows, buttocks, backs of knees, ankles, toes, breats and male genitals

A

scabies mites

111
Q

Head regions of a scorpion which bears the pedipalps

A

prosoma

112
Q

Abdominal region of scorpion and bears the legs

A

mesosoma

113
Q

Region of a scorpion which includes the tail and the stinger

A

metasoma

114
Q

Only scorpion in the U.S. that is a serious concern for human health

A

Arizona bark scorpion

115
Q

Social bees and wasps (5)

A

Yellow jackets
Paper wasps
Hornets
Honey bees
Bumble bees

116
Q

Where are pollen baskets located on pollinating bees and wasps?

A

Hind legs

117
Q

Only females are capable of ___________

A

Stinging
Ovipositors are modified to sting - only females have ovipositors

118
Q

Hymenopteran queens lay fertilized eggs that become ____________ and the unfertilized eggs become ___________

A

Females; males

119
Q

Drones, a.k.a.

A

Male hymenopteran

120
Q

Drones are non-functional other than

A

During mating season — they die after mating

121
Q

All offspring produced are __________ until the colony matures (yellow jackets, paper wasps, & hornets)

A

Females

122
Q

Are both ground and aerial nesters

A

Yellow jackets

123
Q

Umbrella-like nest construction

A

Paper wasps

124
Q

Less aggressive than other social hymenopteran

A

Paper wasps & bumble bees

125
Q

Reddish head, thorax, and wings. Abdomen has bright yellow and wings are amber colored

A

Hornets

126
Q

Defend nest aggressively and capable of inflicting very painful sting

A

Hornets

127
Q

When yellow jacket hive is threatened what happens

A

Workers release alarm pheromones to attract more workers to sting threat

128
Q

Stings are fatal for this social hymenopteran

A

Honey bee
Barbed stinger remains embedded in victim and continues to pulse venom

129
Q

Provoked by noise levels and large mobile objects

A

Africanized honey bee (killer bee)

130
Q

Will pursue threats for hundreds of miles

A

Africanized honey bee (killer bee)

131
Q

European honey bee or Africanized honey bee have shorter wings?

A

AHB

132
Q

Hairy abdomen =
Shiny abdomen =

A

Bumble bee; carpenter bee

133
Q

Threatened hives will produce a loud buzzing sound as a deterrent

A

Bumble bee

134
Q

Chemical treatments for bees/wasps are made

A

To the nest, not foraging sites

135
Q

For ground bee/wasp nests, __________ are often used to treat the nest and entry points inside

A

Insecticidal dusts

136
Q

For aerial bee/wasp nests, they should be treated when?

A

At night to contact workers that may forage during daylight

137
Q

Bee/wasps nests ___________ after colony elimination

A

Should be removed to prevent reinfestation

138
Q

Dusts work best when applied to an area of __________ around nest entrance

A

6 inches

139
Q

Structural nests if not cleaned properly or sealed can create a future problem of

A

Dermestid beetles, spider beetles, and/or psocids

140
Q

Honey bees keep the center of their nest at about 95*F which will

A

Warm the wall enough that it can often be detected with one’s hand

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