Bites Flashcards
Domesticated Animal bites
(a) The majority (80% to 90%) of domesticated animal bites are from _____.
(b) Cat bites account for 5% to 15% of domestic animal bites.
(c) Victims of bites are often …….
a) dogs
c) pet owners or members of the pet owner’s family.
Dogs younger than _____ are responsible for the highest incidence of bites.
one year
Dog Bites Treatment
1) __________ is a common pathogen found in wound infections from dog bites.
2) Simple wounds from dog bites have similar infection rates to other domesticated animals.
3) Prophylactic antibiotics are not necessary for most dog bite however in a ______ environment consideration is warranted
1) Pasteurella multocida
2) field
Dog Bites Treatment
Antibiotic indications
1) Signs of infection
2) Bite on face present for > 24 hours OR bite on extremity > 8 hours without irrigation
3) Immunocompromised state for the victim
4) Crush injury or significant contamination of wound
5) Bite wounds of the hands or feet
Dog Bites Treatment
Antibiotic tx
- Amoxicillin/Clavulanate 875/125 mg BID or 500/125 mg TID
- Clindamycin 300 mg PO q 6 hours for 7 days
- Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) 750mg PO BID for 4-8 weeks
Cat Bites Treatment
Antibiotic indications
1) Signs of infection
2) Bite on face present for > 24 hours OR bite on extremity > 8 hours without irrigation
3) Immunocompromised state for the victim
4) Crush injury or significant contamination of wound
5) Bite wounds of the hands or feet
True/False
Cat bites have a higher infection rate in comparison to other domestic animals.
True
70% of cat bite infections are due to what pathogen
Pasteurella
Cat Bites Antibiotic treatment
1) Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin),
2) Clindamycin + fluoroquinolone if penicillin allergic
True/False
Treatment of wild animal attacks is similar to treatment of a domestic animal attack.
True
In general, larger animals should raise more suspicion of ___________, including deep arterial damage, nerve damage and internal organ damage
blunt and penetrating trauma
Wild animal bites
Antibiotics should also be directed against _____
Aeromonas hydrophila
Wild animal bite antibiotics
LAND
- Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim DS) 800mg/160 mg TMP PO q 12 hours for 7 days
- Doxycycline 100mg BID for 7 days
Wild animal bite antibiotics
In salt (ocean) water, where antibiotics should also be directed against _______ species
Vibrio
Wild animal bite Tx
SALT WATER
Doxycycline Plus Ceftriaxone 1 gram IV daily
Mosquito-borne diseases found in the U.S. are:
(a) Eastern equine encephalitis
(b) Western equine encephalitis
(c) St. Louis encephalitis
(d) La Crosse encephalitis
(e) West Nile virus.
Incubation period for mosquito borne diseases is anywhere from
48 hours to one year or more
________ is a critical component of treatment of mosquito bites, consult unit or service preventive medicine requirements/recommendations
Prevention
What vector spreads these diseases?
(a) Lyme Disease
(b) Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF)
(c) Relapsing fever
(d) Colorado tick fever
(e) Ehrlichiosis
(f) Babesiosis
(g) Tularemia
(h) Southern Tick-Associated Rash Illness (STARI)
Ticks
- ______ a non-infectious ascending paralysis similar to Guillain- Barre Syndrome, may occur within five days after the tick attaches.
- What is curative?
- Tick paralysis
- Tick removal
Ticks are found in what areas
areas replete with weeds, shrubs, and trails
-forest boundaries where deer and other mammals reside
Tick removal how to?
1) Use thin-tipped tweezers or forceps to grasp the tick as close to the skin surface as possible
2) Pull the tick straight upward with steady even pressure.
3) Wash the bite with soap and water, then wash hands after the tick has been removed.
If Lyme Disease, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Tularemia, or Ehrlichiosis is suspected. What can be initiated while evac is being planned?
doxycycline
Colorado tick fever is caused by what and what is the tx?
virus; treatment is supportive
