Births

Question 1

What is ‘Total Fertility Rate’

Answer 1

The average number of children a women will have during her fertile years (usually ages 15-44)

Question 2

TFR 2001 and 2014

Answer 2

2001- 1.63
2014- 1.83
1960 - 1964 baby boom

Question 3

Average age of giving birth in the UK

Answer 3

30

Question 4

Reasons for decline in birth rate

Answer 4

Changes in women’s position
Decline in infant mortality rate
Child centredness
Children are now an economic liability

Question 5

Sarah Harper (2012) - changes in women’s position

Answer 5

Education is the most important reason for the long-term fall of birth and fertility rates. It has changed the female mindset resulting in fewer children. Many have chosen to delay child baring to peruse a successful career.

2012- ONE IN FIVE WOMEN WERE CHILDLESS AT 45 (double the number 25 years ago)

Question 6

Sarah Harper (decline in infant mortality rate)

Answer 6

Fall in infant mortality rate means a fall in birth rate due to the fact that if many infants die, parents will have more children thus increasing the birth rate.

Question 7

Infant Mortality Rate

Answer 7

Measures the number of infants who die before their first birthday, per thousand babies born alive, per year.

Question 8

Change in IMR from 1900 to 2014

Answer 8

1900- 154

2014- 117

Question 9

Reasonings for IMR rate falling

Answer 9

Improved housing sanitation
Better nutrition
Better hygiene knowledge
Improved services for mothers and children

Question 10

Brass and Kabir (1978)

Answer 10

Argue that the trend of smaller families did not begin in rural areas where IMR began to fall but in urban areas where IMR remained higher for longer