Birth and death rate Flashcards
What was the population of Britain in 1901 and in 2022?
1901 - 38 mil
2022 - 67.9 mil
What was the birth rate in 1965 and 2023?
1965 - 18.3
2023 - 11.2
(Abortion act 1967)
What are reasons for having a lower birth rate?
Changing position of women
Fall in infant mortality rates
Children as an economic liability and centredness
What was the death rate in 1990 and 2022?
1990 - 11.4
2022 - 9.4
Why has the death rate decreased?
Nutrition
Public health
Medical improvements
Social changes
What does McKeown argue about improved nutrition?
Better nutrition increased resistance to infection and increased survival chances of those who do become infected
Why has there been improved nutrition?
More variety of foods available
Increased obesity
More gov advertisements increased for kids to improve their diet (5 a day)
How has public health improved?
Reduced spread of disease, due to laws mainly advertisements
Education of public health risks from nursery upwards
What social change has there been?
Education has become widespread
Less financial asset
More listened to when it comes to health problems
Mental health support improvements
Higher incomes, healthier lifestyle
What medical improvements have there been?
Introduction of antibiotics
More transplants
Diagnosis’s easier to reach now, more MRI scans and X-rays
More and improved vaccines
What does McKeown argue about improvements to living standards?
20th century there have been improved living standards
Wages increased, better housing conditions
Public health initiative, clean water, public sanitation
What has improved education led to?
Better knowledge of hygiene and taking more responsibility for avoiding health threatening behaviour
Adopting healthier lifestyle and more hygienic
How has the welfare state and NHS helped improve health?
Free medical care
Net for those most at risk due to ill health
New medicines and treatments being created continuously
1958 NHS introduced mass vaccination of all children under age of 15 against diseases
