Birds (see notes for more detail) Flashcards
What suborder are chickens in
Galliformes
Do birds have sweat and sebaceous glands?
No- they only have uropygial gland (preen gland)= lipid water proofing , and glands in auditory canal and cloacal
Which don’t have preen glands?
Pigeons and ostrich
Area of follicles and no follicles are called
Pterylae
Apteriae
Name parts of the feather
Vane, central vachis, barbules, under feather and calamus
Rabbits and ferrets moult twice yearly, do chickens?
No just once
3 aims of skeletal system
Air flight
Support resp
Support egg production
What is the synasacrum made of
Fused lumbar, sacral and caudal vertebrae
What does the vertebrae end with?
Pygostyle
Leg is composed of what? Femur…..
Tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus
Wings are composed of? Humerus….
Radius and ulna (separate)
Carpal joint with alula
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Choana is the slit on the roof of the mouth, what’s the one between it called?
Infundibulum cleft
Name some proventr problems
Macaw wasting disease= provent dilation
Yeast infections
Parasites e.g. Giardia
What effects cloaca and mouth? Makes it look prolapsed?
Papilloma virus
How do you tell the difference between jej and ileum
Vitelline diverticulum the remnant of the yolk sac
What kind of nephrons are there in bird kidneys
Mammalian and reptilian
They switch between for water conservation
How does bird male repro differ from mammals?
Short epidymus Less storage Function at body temp Get massive at breeding No accessory sex glands Intro phallus (duck) nonintro (chicken) no phallus (psitt)
What’s the difference between a determinate and indeterminate layer?
Determinate: clutch then done
Indeterminate: replace lost eggs
Hearts are bigger related to body size why..
High HR BP co to support flight muscles which use lots of energy
Birds lungs don’t inflate, they have 9 air sacs instead, name the air sacs?
What creates the negative pressure
1 clavicular, 2 cervical, 2 ant thoracic, 2 post thoracic, 2 abdominal,
Thoracic and abdominal muscles
What are the birds functional lung component?
2ndry bronchi into parabronchi and then atria
How does the birds eye compare to the mammals..
Cornea thicker Lens softer Retina thick and vascular No meibomum gland (has lacrimal and harderian for tears) Shape changes with lifestyle
