BIRDS Flashcards
The_________is the area with feathers and the ___________is where feathers are absent .
Pterylae
Apteria
Which bone supports the wing structure and is larger in birds?
The ulna
The birds neck is very flexible because?
They only have one occipital condyle joint instead of two. They also have a neck which is 2.5 X longer than mammals.
This structure is large and supports the organs and movement of respiration due to the absence of a diapraghm ?
Keel/Sternum
The movement of these two things aid in respiration due to lack of a diaphragm ?
Sternum and Ribs
When examining a birds feathers or performing venipuncture which way should the feathers be spread?
Spread the feathers sideways- (left and right )NOT up and down
Four places where venipuncture can be done?
Ulnar Vein, Medial Metatarsal, tarsometatarusus and jugular
places where IO access is available
ulna, tibiotarsus
Place where SQ fluid administration can be done?
Femur
True or false: The keel connects to the coracoid but not the clavicle?
True
Body condition can be felt by ?
Palpating both sides of the keel
Which muscles are used in the downstroke when flying?
Pectorals- a big muscle is needed to overcome wind and gravity.
Which muscle is used for the upstroke in flying?
Small supra coracoidues
What is the purpose of the patagium?
It is an elastic tissue which gives more surface area fro flight and houses the major and minor ligaments
What is the total blood volume of a bird?
10%
What is the function of the crop?
It’s a storage place and it does NOT produce gastric secretions
What is the glandular stomach in a bird?
Proventriculus
What is the muscular stomach of a bird?
Ventriculus
Can lymph nodes be palpated in a bird?
NO
The stomach is found on this side of the bird and the intestines on the other
Stomach left ,intestines right
The kidneys in a bird excrete this substance?
Uric acid
What is the maintenance dose of fluids for birds?
50ml/kg/day
Over how many days should a dehydration deficit be replaced in a bird?
3 days
What amount of blood can be safely taken from a bird?
1cc/100g
Name the 5 anterior air sacs and 4 posterior
Anterior: Cervical-2, Interclavicular-1 Anterior thoracic -2
Posterior: Posterior thoracic -2 Abdominal -2
Describe the respiratory cycle of a bird
Inspiration -Expansion of air sacs ->Air comes in goes to the posterior sacs and a little in the lungs
Expiration- contraction of air sac -o2 from caudal sacs to the lungs , non oxygenated o2 to the cranial air sac and out
GAS EXCHANGE OCCURS DURING INSPIRATION AND EXPIRATION
True or false: Birds have a high functional residual volume
False- birds have NO functional residual volume
If placing an air sac cannulation due to obstruction of the trachea it should be placed in the ________?
Caudal abdominal air sac
Predator birds eyes will be placed in this position?
Facing the front and Preys eyes will be lateral
If you see vessels while performing a fundic exam on a bird they are from the ________?
Choroid the retina is avascular
True or False: Birds have an indirect and direct PLR
False only direct
What organ covers the birds heart?
The liver not the lungs
What is the correct order for passage of food through the digestive organs
Mouth, esophagus, crop, proventriculus, gizzard/Ventriculus , duodenum, ileum, cecum, rectum, coprodeum of cloaca
Fusion of the last 3-4 caudal vertebrae is called this.
Pygostyle
The nictitating membrane moves from ________ to __________?
Superionasal to Inferiotemporal
What is the reason birds need to move their heads around to see?
Because of sclera like ossicles which are a hard structure and limit ocular motility
_________Used in domestic animals during a fundic exam do not work in birds?
Mydraitics
Cause he mentioned this during our lecture on birds…
________________ Is a place where you may draw blood and place a Doppler on a turtle?
Subcarapacial plexus- however you may get lymph contamination
What is the triosseal Canal?
The Junction of the clavicle, coracoid and scapula
What may happen to the papillae if a bird has a nutrition deficiency ?
They will become blunt
What is the proper way to posistion a bird for a radiograph?
Need symmetry - keel superimposed with the spine
This connects the oral cavity to the respiratory system?
Choana
What is the “retching system”
Flexor tendon and tendon sheath that provide grip on flexion
Which area of the eye has the greatest visual acuity?
Fovea
_________provides nutrients to the retinal tissue?
Pecten
