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birds Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three top environmental problems in poultry production?

A
  1. Poor ventilation 2. Crowding 3. Poor substrate quality
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2
Q

What three skin problems can a poor environment cause?

A
  • Ringworm - Bumblefoot - Dermatitis
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3
Q

What four respiratory issues can a poor environment cause?

A
  • Air sacculitis - Pneumonia - Tracheitis - Conjunctivitis
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4
Q

What three GI issues can a poor environment cause?

A
  • Enteritis - Diarrhea - Increased enteric parasite load
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5
Q

Which avian fungal pathogen causes megabacteriosis and “going light” syndrome?

A

Macrorhabdus ornithogaster (I think “going light” syndrome literally just means they lose weight) Don’t get tricked - the name sounds bacterial, but it’s a yeast!!

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6
Q

What is megabacteriosis?

A

A disease caused by a unique yeast (not a bacteria) that causes general signs like anorexia, depression, ruffling, and weight loss

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7
Q

How is megabacteriosis transmitted?

A

Fecal-oral transmission

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8
Q

Which avian fungal pathogen causes crop mycosis?

A

Candida albicans

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9
Q

True or False: The transmission of crop mycosis is purely environmental as it does not transmit from bird to bird

A

True

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10
Q

What are the main clinical signs of crop mycosis?

A
  • Regurgitation - Delayed crop emptying/large crop - Anorexia - Weight loss
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11
Q

What is the main necropsy finding of crop mycosis?

A

Corrugated trachea

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12
Q

Which avian bacterial pathogen causes house finch conjunctivitis and infectious sinusitis?

A

Mycoplasma gallisepticum

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13
Q

Which avian bacterial pathogen causes bacillary white diarrhea?

A

Salmonella pullorum

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14
Q

Which avian bacterial pathogen causes air sacculitis and arthritis?

A

Avian Pathogenic E. coli (APEC)

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15
Q

Which avian bacterial pathogen causes necrotic enteritis?

A

Clostridium perfringens

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16
Q

Which avian bacterial pathogen causes bumblefoot, dermatitis, folliculitis, and arthritis?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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17
Q

Which avian bacterial pathogen causes ORT, upper respiratory disease, and tracheitis?

A

Ornithobacter rhinotracheale

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18
Q

Is Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale Gram-negative or Gram-positive?

A

Gram-negative

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19
Q

Which avian bacterial pathogen causes avian ringworm?

A

Microsporum gallinae (ringworm in birds is also called “white face”)

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20
Q

True or False: Ringworm in birds is zoonotic

A

False

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21
Q

Which avian bacterial pathogen causes fowl typhoid?

A

Salmonella gallinarum

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22
Q

What is aspergillosis?

A

An opportunistic infection caused by inhalation of spores

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23
Q

Which avian fungal pathogen causes aspergillosis?

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

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24
Q

What does aspergillosis cause?

A

Broncho-pulmonary and air sac infections and tracheitis with nervous system involvement

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25
How can you diagnose aspergillosis?
- Culture - Histology
26
How can you treat aspergillosis (two)?
- Ketoconazole - Itraconazole
27
What is another name for aspergillosis?
Brooder pneumonia (this term mostly refers to young poultry but sometimes it's also interchangeable with aspergillosis)
28
What are the main two signs of brooder pneumonia?
- Gasping - Anorexia
29
What are the two main forms of aspergillosis?
1. Acute outbreaks with high morbidity and high mortality (young birds) 2. Chronic conditions (adult birds, especially layers)
30
What is a classic lesion seen on necropsy of aspergillosis?
Green mold colonies on air sac membranes and/or white nodules in lungs
31
What does Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) cause in turkeys?
Severe sinusitis
32
How is infectious sinusitis of turkeys transmitted?
Vertical (transovarian) or horizontal (fomites, aerosol, direct contact, etc.)
33
What is house finch conjunctivitis?
A new emerging disease that mainly affects housebirds but is rapidly spreading to songbirds and raptors (potential for outbreak in commercial poultry)
34
How is house finch conjunctivitis transmitted?
This infection is spread rapidly by bird feeders in winter
35
What are the clinical signs of house finch conjunctivitis?
- Ocular discharge - Periorbital swelling - Swollen sinuses - Nasal discharge
36
Typhoid fever in humans results from a bloodborne infection with a ____________ serotype
Host-adapted (this means that the bacterial agent causing this is specific to humans)
37
Acute gastroenteritis in humans results from a foodborne infection with a ____________ serotype
Non-host-adapted (this means that the bacterial agent causing this isn't specific to humans)
38
What are the three major clinical forms of salmonellosis in animals?
1. Enteritis 2. Septicemia 3. Abortion (or decreased egg production in birds)
39
What are the main clinical signs of bacillary white diarrhea?
- Anorexia - White diarrhea - Vent pasting
40
How is bacillary white diarrhea transmitted?
Oral or through yolk
41
What is a main necropsy lesion do you see with bacillary white diarrhea?
Grey nodules in lungs, liver, gizzard, and heart
42
What are the main clinical signs of fowl typhoid?
- Yellow diarrhea - Thirst - Ruffling
43
How is fowl typhoid transmitted?
Oral or through yolk
44
What main necropsy lesion do you see with fowl typhoid?
Bronzed, enlarged liver
45
What bacterial agent causes turkey coryza?
Bordetella avium
46
What is turkey coryza?
A highly contagious upper respiratory disease of young poultry (usually turkeys)
47
What is a potentially devastating complication of turkey coryza?
Secondary colisepticemia (invasion of bloodstream by coliform bacteria)
48
Is Haemophilus paragallinarum Gram-negative or Gram-positive?
Gram-negative
49
What is infectious corzya?
A highly contagious upper respiratory disease of chickens and turkeys
50
What bacterial agent causes infectious coryza?
Haemophilus paragallinarum
51
Infectious coryza is exacerbated by which two co-agents?
Mycoplasma spp. or viruses
52
Which stage in the lifecycle of Chlamydiophila psittici is infectious?
Elementary body
53
Which stage in the lifecycle of Chlamydiophila psittici is non-infectious?
Reticulate body
54
True or False: Chlamydiophila psittici is a zoonotic pathogen
True
55
What does Chlamydiophila psittici cause in humans?
Parrot fever
56
Which serotype of Chlamydiophila psittici is highly pathogenic for turkeys? What is the mortality rate?
Serotype D (30% mortality)
57
What predisposes poultry to necrotic enteritis?
A high protein diet (ex. high rye or wheat)
58
Which bacterial agent causes fowl cholera?
Pasteurella multocida
59
What are the main clinical signs of fowl cholera?
- Cyanotic wattles - Sudden death - Respiratory distress
60
What is a main necropsy lesion do you see with fowl cholera?
- Hemorrhage of the heart and pericardium - Septicemia
61
What can avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) cause in animals?
It causes a number of complex brain, lung and urinary tract diseases in human, animals, and birds
62
What are three antibiotic testing methods?
1. Disc diffusion (qualitative result) 2. E-Test (quantitative result) 3. Microdilution assay (quantitative result)
63
What skin problems can a poor environment cause?
- Ringworm - Bumblefoot - Dermatitis
64
What respiratory issues can a poor environment cause?
- Air sacculitis - Pneumonia - Tracheitis - Conjunctivitis
65
What GI issues can a poor environment cause?
- Enteritis - Diarrhea - Increased enteric parasite load
66
Which avian fungal pathogen causes megabacteriosis and going light syndrome?
Macrorhabdus ornithogaster
67
Which avian fungal pathogen causes brooder pneumonia?
Aspergillus spp. (also causes Aspergillosis)
68
Which avian bacterial pathogen causes house finch conjunctivitis, MG, and infectious sinusitis?
Mycoplasma spp.
69
Which avian bacterial pathogen causes bacillary white diarrhea?
Salmonella spp.
70
Which avian bacterial pathogen causes necrotic enteritis?
Clostridium perfringens
71
Which avian bacterial pathogen causes bumblefoot, dermatitis, folliculitis, and arthritis?
Staphylococcus aureus
72
Which avian bacterial pathogen causes avian ringworm?
Microsporum gallinae
73
What are the three antibiotic resistance testing methods?
1. Disc diffusion 2. E-test 3. Microdilution assay *Will be on exam*

423-bacteriology (8 decks)

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