Bipolar Disorder Flashcards
Mania Symptoms
Dramatic and Inappropriate rises in mood and activity
The 5 Functioning Areas Affected by Bipolar
Emotional - Powerful emotions in search of an outlet
Motivational - Need for constant excitement, companionship
Behavioural - Activity - moves/talks quickly, loudly
Cognitive - Poor judgement and planning
Physical - High energy level, little to no rest
How common is Bipolar Disorder?
Between 1-2.6% of adults worldwide suffer.
Equally common between men and women.
More common amongst those with low incomes than high incomes.
Onset usually occurs between ages 15-44.
In most untreated cases, mani episodes subside, only to return at a later time.
Diagnosing Bipolar Disorders
People are considered to be in a full manic episode when for at least 1 week, they display an abnormally high or irritable mood, increased activity and at least 3 other symptoms of mania.
When symptoms are less severe, it is called a hypomanic episode.
DSM-5 diagnoses 2 types of bipolar disorder…
Bipolar I Disorder - Full manic and major depressive episodes, most experience an alternation of episodes
Bipolar II Disorder - Hypomanic episodes alternate with major depressive episodes
If symptoms occur for 2+years and are interspersed with normal moods, it is called cyclothymic disorder.
The Biological Model of Bipolar Disorders
Neurotransmitters:
The association between low norepinephrine and unipolar depression predicts high norepinephrine and mania.
Bipolar disorder may be linked to low serotonin activity.
The Biological Model of Bipolar Disorders
Ion Activity:
Ions, which are needed to send incoming messages to nerve endings, maybe improperly transported through the cells of individuals with bipolar disorder.
Some theorists claim that irregularities in ion transport may cause neurons to fire too easily (mania) or to stubbornly resist firing (depression).
The Biological Model of Bipolar Disorders
Genetic Factors:
Theorists believe that people inherit a predisposition to developing bipolar disorders. Family lineage studies support this theory.
Treatments for Bipolar Disorder
Lithium and Mood Stabilizers: 60% of patients with mania improve. They can also help symptoms from developing and can overcome depressive episodes.
Adjunctive Psychotherapy: Rarely helpful on its own. Used in conjunction with mood stabilizers. Therapy focuses on medication management and relationship issues.
