biotechnology and principles

Question 1

who and in which bacterium he observed restriction enzymes and what are their properties and what is ;eft

Answer 1

boyer , e coli , cut dna starnds in particular fashion and stciky ends

Question 2

what stanely cohen has been studying and what are the characterstics

Answer 2

small ringlets of dna called plasmids - free in cyto

Question 3

indenpendent relicaants

Answer 3

plasmids

Question 4

what cohely did to plasmit

Answer 4

removing plasmid and inserting in other cells

Question 5

combining insertion with ______ enabled to recombine segements off dna insert dna in bacterial cells which used for manufacturing of ____

Answer 5

dna splicing and proteins

Question 6

biot deals with techniques of using ______ and their ____ to produce products

Answer 6

live organisms and enzymes

Question 7

can microbe mediated considered as biot

Answer 7

yes

Question 8

what are used to produce in larger scale

Answer 8

gmo

Question 9

biotechnology included

Answer 9

invitro
synthesisi a gene and coorecting a def gene
dna vaccine

Question 10

efb comprises both

Answer 10

trad and modern molecular biotechnology

Question 11

efb def

Answer 11

integration of natural and molecular analogues for products

Question 12

what are the core techniques gave birth to modern biot

Answer 12

genetic and bioporcess engineering

Question 13

what is genetic e

Answer 13

alter genetic material and insert into host to change its phenotye

Question 14

maintenance of ____ in chem engineering to enable growth of only _____/___

Answer 14

sterile . desired microbe/eu cell

Question 15

biop en examples

Answer 15

antibiotics , vaccines and enzymes

Question 16

which preserves the genetic info and which permits variation

Answer 16

asex and sex

Question 17

which technique produces both und and des genes

Answer 17

traditional

Question 18

what are used to intro only des genes into target organisms

Answer 18

recombinant dna
gene cloning
gene transfer

Question 19

when the alien dna multiplies

Answer 19

when it integrates with chromosome ( ability to replicate)

Question 20

what is ori and where it is found

Answer 20

origin of replication is responsible for initiate relication and it is a specific dna sequence in chromosome

Question 21

what is cloning

Answer 21

making identical copes of multiple dna templates

Question 22

The construction of the first Recombinant DNA emergent fromh possibility of linking a gene encoding _______ with a native _____ of _______

Answer 22

antibiotic resistance , plasmid of salmonellla typhimuruim

Question 23

when did cohen and boyer accomplished by isolating antibiotic resitstance gene by cutting a piece of dna from plasmid

Answer 23

1972 which was responsible for conferring antibiotic resistance

Question 24

cutting of dna at specific location becames possible with

Answer 24

molecular scissors called restriction enzymes

Question 25

____ acts a vector to transfer alien dna

Answer 25

plasmid

Question 26

linking of antibiotic resistance gene with plasmid vector

Answer 26

dna ligase

Question 27

dna ligase make a new combination of

Answer 27

circular autonomous replicating dna - rcombinant dna - in vitro

Question 28

in which recombinant dna is transferd into

Answer 28

ecoli - dna polymerase

Question 29

what are 3 steps in gmo

Answer 29

1. identify
   2.intro
   maintenece in host dna and transfer of dna

Question 30

dna recombination can be possible only if we hv

Answer 30

rstriction enzyme , ligase , plasmid , polymerase enzyme and host

Question 31

in which year enzymers were isolated what r thy what they do

Answer 31

1963 in coli , restricting the growth of bacteriophage

Question 32

2 enzyme role

Answer 32

1 added mthyl group to dna and other cut dna(rest endonuclease)

Question 33

hind 11 functioning depends on

Answer 33

specific nucleotide sequence was isolated aftr 5 years

Question 34

hind 11 cuts at specific sequnce containg ___ pairs

Answer 34

six bas pairs – ss recognition sequence for hind 11

Question 35

how many restriction enzymes have been knwn

Answer 35

more 900 from 230 strains of bacteria

Question 36

EcoRI

Answer 36

ecoli - first 2 letters genus , species R -name of strain I-order in which the enzyme isolated

Question 37

restriction enzymes class and this class divides

Answer 37

nuclease into endonuclease exonuclease

Question 38

exonuclease rmoves

Answer 38

nuclotides from end of DNA

Question 39

endonuclease

Answer 39

cuts at s position

Question 40

each rendonuclease functions by inspecting

Answer 40

length of dna sequence and cuts one of the strands in s position in their ugar phophate backbone

Question 41

each restriction endonuclease recognises a s position in dna

Answer 41

palindromic nucleotide