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S1 > Biotechnology > Flashcards

Biotechnology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a microbe?

A
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2
Q

What are the 4 main types of microbes?

A
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3
Q

Which is bigger and by what factor..

Bacteria or Viruses

A

Bacteria are about 100 times bigger than viruses

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4
Q

What are the 3 basic shapes of bacteria?

A
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5
Q

True or False

Most bacteria found in the human body are either harmless or are in fact helpful

A

True

Only around 15% of bacteria are harmful but some can cause serious problems

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6
Q

How do bacteria reproduce?

A

By binary fission. Each bacteria can reproduce every 20 minutes

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7
Q

What is needed for microbes to grow?

A
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8
Q

What is the structure of a virus?

A
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9
Q

True or false

Viruses do not contain cells

A

True

and for this reason some people don’t consider them to be living

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10
Q

How do funghi reproduce (replicate)?

A

By budding

By producing spores

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11
Q

How do viruses reproduce (replicate)?

A

By invading cells and tricking them into replicating new copies of the virus

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12
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

A microbe that causes infectious disease

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13
Q

What are some common illnesses caused by viruses?

A
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14
Q

What are some common illnesses caused by bacteria?

A
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15
Q

How do pathogens enter the body?

A
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16
Q

How do pathogens enter the body?

A
17
Q

How are pathogens spread?

A
18
Q

How are pathogens spread (2)

A
19
Q

How are pathogens spread (3)

A
20
Q

Preventing the spread of disease

A
21
Q

Which 2 diseases were involved in the first vaccine?

A

Smallpox and Cowpox

22
Q

Which animal was used to creat the name “Vaccine”?

A

Cow

23
Q

Which processes do vaccines interfere with in bacteria?

A
  1. Metabolism
  2. DNA replication
  3. Protein synthesis
24
Q

How do vaccines work?

A

A weakened version of the virus is used to stimulate the body to produce antibodies which are ready to use when real virus enters

25
Q

What is herd immunity?

A

The idea that if enough people are vaccinated then a disease cannot be spread to those who are not vaccinated

26
Q

What 2 ways do antibiotics work on bacteria?

A
  1. they kill the bacteria by destroying the cell wall
  2. They interfere with some of ther processes the bacteria needs to survive
27
Q

Why don’t antibiotics kill viruses?

A

Because viruses don’t have a cell wall

28
Q
A
29
Q

Why does food “go off”?

A

Growth of microbes on food

30
Q

How can we preserve food?

A

High temp (UHT)

Low temp (Freezing)

Chemicals (Salt or Vinegar)

Atmosphere (Vacuum packing)

Bottling or Canning

Moisture removal (drying)

31
Q

Fermentation

A
32
Q

Why are bacteria and funghi used in food and medicine production?

A

They rapidly multiply

33
Q

Why aren’t viruses used in food production?

A

They need living cells to multiply

S1 (15 decks)

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