Biotechnology

Question 1

biotechnology

Answer 1

use of an organism or genes from an organism to gain some useful product

Question 2

gel electrophoresis

Answer 2

soft agar gel; electrical current
DNA migrates toward positive electrode (anode)
size affects rate
readable pattern of DNA fragments
can be used in paternity and crime scene testing

Question 3

polymerase chain reaction

Answer 3

use to amplify DNA
few to billions of copies of DNA in a few hours
intrinsic properties of DNA in cell and test tube
DNA heated from 90C to 95C
cooling to 60C , primer anneling
extension at 72 C
gene mapping, genetic defects, cancer, forensics, taxonomy, and evolutionary studies
RNA converted to cDNA; RT-PCR

Question 4

cDNA

Answer 4

use to get isolate and determine sequence of DNA from gene that is expressed
- insulin
-growth factor
covid cDNA
1. take sample
2. lyse cell
3. use primer that binds to covid specific genes (ex: spikes)
4. add reverse transcriptase
5. get cDNA
6. amplify w PCR
7. detect cDNA

Question 5

ELISA test for antibodies

Answer 5

antigen-coated well, wash
add specific antibody to be measured, wash
add enzyme-conjugated secondary antibody, wash
add substrate (S) and measure color

Question 6

recombinant DNA technology

Answer 6

intentional removal of genetic material
- select excise and isolate
- vector (plasmid, virus) -> cloning host
replicate gene, make protein effectively
isolate, amplified, maintained in host and vector (library)

Question 7

enzymes for recombinant DNA

Answer 7

restriction endonucleases

Question 8

vectors used in recombinant DNA

Answer 8

gene and plasmid use same restriction endonuclease
ligase
genetic recombination
origin of replication
regulatory region
drug resistance; help detect

Question 9

screening for recombinant microbes

Answer 9

use selective media to identify recombinants

Question 10

recombinant DNA strategies and recombinant technology examples

Answer 10

see image

Question 11

transgenic plants

Answer 11

agrobacterium tumefaciens
- tumor producing bacterium
crown gall disease
- Ti plasmid
introduce insecticides and herbicides resistance

Question 12

examples of transgenic plants

Answer 12

see image

Question 13

genetic treatments

Answer 13

gene therapy
- used for SCIDS
-adenosine deaminase deficiency (ADA); affects lymphocytes
see image

Question 14

gene therapy

Answer 14

infections, cancer, gene defects

Question 15

genetic medicine

Answer 15

gene silencing
-anti-sense RNA
-anti-sense DNA