Biotech 2 Flashcards
What is biotechnology?
Biotechnology is the use of living organisms or their products to modify human health and the environment.
Which process involves the transfer of genes from one organism to another?
Genetic engineering.
True or False: Biotechnology can only be applied in medical fields.
False.
Fill in the blank: The first genetically modified organism was a __________.
bacterium.
What are plasmids?
Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria that can replicate independently.
Which enzyme is used to cut DNA at specific sequences?
Restriction enzymes.
What is the purpose of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?
To amplify a specific segment of DNA.
True or False: Cloning produces genetically identical organisms.
True.
What is the role of DNA ligase in genetic engineering?
DNA ligase joins DNA fragments together.
Which of the following is a common application of biotechnology in agriculture? A) Gene therapy B) Biopesticides C) Cloning
B) Biopesticides.
Fill in the blank: The process of introducing foreign DNA into a host cell is called __________.
transformation.
What is recombinant DNA?
Recombinant DNA is formed by combining DNA from different sources.
True or False: All genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are harmful to the environment.
False.
What is a bioreactor?
A bioreactor is a vessel that provides a controlled environment for the growth of microorganisms or cells.
Which of the following techniques can be used for gene cloning? A) Gel electrophoresis B) CRISPR C) Southern blotting
B) CRISPR.
What is the significance of the Human Genome Project?
It aimed to map all the genes in the human genome.
Fill in the blank: __________ is a biotechnology application that uses living cells to produce substances.
Bioprocessing.
What is the function of a vector in genetic engineering?
To carry foreign DNA into a host cell.
True or False: Biotechnology has no role in the production of vaccines.
False.
What is gene therapy?
Gene therapy is a technique that modifies a person’s genes to treat or prevent disease.
Which of the following is NOT a method of gene transfer? A) Electroporation B) Microinjection C) Fermentation
C) Fermentation.
What are monoclonal antibodies?
Monoclonal antibodies are identical antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.
Fill in the blank: A __________ is an organism that has been modified using genetic engineering.
genetically modified organism (GMO).
What is the primary goal of agricultural biotechnology?
To improve crop yield and resistance to pests and diseases.
True or False: All biotechnological products are natural.
False.
What is the role of genetic markers in biotechnology?
Genetic markers are used to identify and track specific genes in breeding and research.
Which of the following is a technique used to separate DNA fragments? A) PCR B) Gel electrophoresis C) Cloning
B) Gel electrophoresis.
Fill in the blank: __________ is a method used to create a DNA profile.
DNA fingerprinting.
What is the main advantage of using genetically modified crops?
Increased resistance to pests and diseases.
True or False: CRISPR technology is used for gene editing.
True.
What are biofuels?
Biofuels are fuels produced from living organisms or organic matter.
Which term describes the use of microorganisms to clean up environmental pollutants?
Bioremediation.
Fill in the blank: __________ is the process of converting waste materials into reusable materials.
Recycling.
What is the purpose of the biosensor?
To detect biological substances.
True or False: Biotechnology can be used in pharmaceuticals to produce antibiotics.
True.
What is tissue culture?
Tissue culture is the technique of growing cells or tissues in a controlled environment.
Which of the following is a potential risk of biotechnology? A) Increased food production B) Loss of biodiversity C) Improved health
B) Loss of biodiversity.
Fill in the blank: The __________ technique is used to identify the presence of specific DNA sequences.
Southern blot.
What is the role of fermentation in biotechnology?
Fermentation is used to convert sugars into acids, gases, or alcohol using microorganisms.
True or False: Enzymes used in biotechnology are always derived from plants.
False.
What is the main purpose of using transgenic animals?
To study gene function and produce biological products.
Which of the following is NOT a product of biotechnology? A) Insulin B) Antibiotics C) Traditional farming methods
C) Traditional farming methods.
Fill in the blank: __________ are used to produce monoclonal antibodies.
Hybridomas.
What does the term ‘genetic modification’ refer to?
The alteration of an organism’s DNA to achieve desired traits.
True or False: All biotechnological processes require the use of living organisms.
False.
What is the purpose of the Green Revolution?
To increase agricultural production through modern techniques and biotechnology.
Which of the following is an example of a gene editing tool? A) Restriction enzyme B) Ligase C) CRISPR
C) CRISPR.
Fill in the blank: __________ is the process of creating organisms with desired traits through selective breeding.
Artificial selection.
What is the role of the FDA in biotechnology?
To regulate and ensure the safety of biotechnological products.
True or False: Biotechnology can only be applied in developed countries.
False.
What are the ethical concerns surrounding biotechnology?
Issues include genetic privacy, environmental impact, and food safety.
Which of the following techniques is used for DNA sequencing? A) Polymerase chain reaction B) Gel electrophoresis C) Sanger method
C) Sanger method.
Fill in the blank: __________ is a method of producing insulin using recombinant DNA technology.
Gene cloning.
What is the main application of biotechnology in the food industry?
To enhance food production and preservation.
True or False: Genetic diversity is reduced by the use of GMOs.
True.
What is the purpose of using a control group in experiments involving biotechnology?
To compare results and determine the effect of the experimental variable.
Which of the following is a benefit of using genetically modified crops? A) Higher costs B) Reduced pesticide use C) Decreased yield
B) Reduced pesticide use.
Fill in the blank: __________ are proteins that speed up chemical reactions in cells.
Enzymes.
What is bioinformatics?
Bioinformatics is the application of computer technology to manage biological information.
True or False: Biotechnology has no impact on renewable energy sources.
False.
What is the significance of stem cells in biotechnology?
Stem cells have the potential to differentiate into various cell types for therapeutic purposes.
Which of the following is NOT a biotechnological application in medicine? A) Gene therapy B) Cloning C) Traditional surgery
C) Traditional surgery.
Fill in the blank: __________ is the practice of using living organisms to produce products or processes.
Biotechnology.
What is the role of regulatory agencies in biotechnology?
To ensure the safety and efficacy of biotechnological products.
True or False: All biotechnological innovations are well-regulated.
False.
What is the impact of biotechnology on healthcare?
It has led to the development of new diagnostics, treatments, and therapies.
Which of the following is a characteristic of genetically modified organisms? A) Increased resistance to diseases B) Decreased nutritional value C) Longer growth cycles
A) Increased resistance to diseases.
Fill in the blank: __________ refers to the manipulation of living organisms to produce useful products.
Biotechnology.
