Biostats & Epidemiology Flashcards
crude mortality rate
deaths/population
cause-specific mortality rate
deaths from cause / population
CFR
case-fatality rate
deaths from cause / persons with the disease
PMR
proportionate mortality rate
deaths from cause / all deaths
FDR
false discovery rate
the probability that someone who tested positive is healthy
FDR = 1-PPV
odds ratio
the odds of “something happening” in the exposed vs control groups
(used in CASE-CONTROL studies)
high association / no association
berkson’s bias
when researchers collect and study a sample of a hospital or clinic and generalize the results to the general population
late-look bias
when researchers systematically miss a portion of particicapnts because they collect data too late
lead-time bias
when a diseases is identified earlier thnat when it would normally present
researchers conclude that an intervention is prologing the life of th eindiciduals when that is not the case
FNR
false negative rate
(typer II error)
FN / sick
FN / TP + FN
what is the effect of prevalence on sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV?
no effect on sensitivity or specificitiy
↑ prevalence = ↑ PPV & ↓ NPV
absolute risk reduction formula
ARR = IR controls - IR exposed (drugs)
top 3 most common cancers in women
- breast
- lung
- colon
top 3 deadly cancers in women
- lung
- breast
- colon
top 3 most common cancers in men
- prostate
- lung
- colon
