Biostatistics Flashcards
What is the Definition of Statistics ?
It’s the field of study concerned with handling data and managing numbers in order to conclude information, results and decisions.
What is Descriptive statistics?
It’s the part of statistics concerned with collection, organization and summarization of data in such a way as to make them comprehensible.
What is Inferential (Analytical) Statistics ?
It’s the act of passing from observation to generalizations. It includes; estimation theory and hypothesis testing.
Population is ….. ?
a group of individuals with a common characteristic.
What is a Sample?
It is the part or subset of the population chosen for the study and inferences are made for the whole population.
A random sample is …… ?
one in which every member of a population has an equal chance of being selected.
Variables are … ?
the group of characteristics specific for each member of the population or the sample.
Data is… ?
Data is the values of a variable .
Information is …. ?
the results we conclude from data.
What is the difference between a Parameter and Statistic ?
- Parameter is a numeric value which characterizes and summarizes data of a Population variable.
- Statistic is a numeric value which characterizes and summarizes data of a Sample variable.
What is a Numeric Continuous Variable?
Data measured on continuous measurement scales, can assume all possible value along a continuum and the mathematical operations are possible and provide a meaningful result.
What is a Numeric Discrete Variables?
Data that are numeric but the values don’t refer to true numbers, not all the mathematical operations are possible, don’t accept fractions or decimals and can’t take a negative sign.
What’s an Independent variable?
It is a variable that is being manipulated in an experiment in order to observe the effect on a dependent variable “outcome variable”.
What’s a Dependent Variable?
It’s a variable that is dependent on an independent variable.
Data reduction means ….. ?
reducing or collapsing the multiple values of a variable into fewer discrete categories.
Frequency is …. ?
the number of times each category or each value occurs in the data.
What’s a relative frequency ?
It’s the proportion or percentage of each category ,used to compare the frequency distribution of two different data sets.
Cumulative frequency is …. ?
the frequency of the corresponding category in addition to the frequencies of the preceding categories, calculated in case of ordinal and continuous variables only.
Cumulative percentage is….. ?
the proportion of the corresponding cumulative frequency, calculated in case of ordinal and continuous variables only.
What is a Graph ?
A graph is a diagram of a set of results. It helps to see at a glance how two sets of numbers are related together.
What is the Law of statistical regularity?
A group of objects selected at random from a population tends to possess the characteristics of the large group
What’s the Law of large numbers ?
Large samples are more stable in their characteristics than the small ones. This means that as we increase the sample size, the characteristics tend to become more steady and converge on to the population parameter.
