Biosecurity Measures

Question 1

the set of practical measures taken to prevent
entrance of infection into a pig farm and control the spread of infection within that
farm

Answer 1

Biosecurity of pigs at the farm level

Question 2

the goal of a biosecurity program

Answer 2

to keep out pathogens that the herd has not
been exposed to and to minimize the impact of endemic pathogens

Question 3

Factors affecting the application of biosecurity measures among farms

Answer 3

1. Geographic location of the farm
2. Proximity to other pig farms
3. Epidemiological situation
4. Type of swine operation
5. Level of technology used for
   production
6. Other farm personnel employed on the farm

Question 4

the development and implementation of a biosecurity program provides

Answer 4

• Essential component of many on-farm food safety programs
• Greater consumer acceptability of the quality and safety of the food supply
• Healthy animals that are more productive
• Improved animal welfare
• Improved efficiency and profitability for the pork producer

Question 5

Pork Production Facility

Answer 5

Buildings and Structures
Consumable Supplies and Equipment
Owners, Workers, Veterinarians, Consultants, Visitors
Transportation of Pigs
Management Procedures
Land Area Used for Pork Production

Question 6

Biosecurity is made up of three separate, but often blended, sets of actions and
overlapping components

Answer 6

1. Bio-exclusion
2. Bio-containment
3. Bio-management

Question 7

The purpose of bio-containment

Answer 7

preventing the spread of disease agents to
neighbors or even long distance transfer, but also the very important process of
protecting the food supply for consumers

Question 8

This component is extremely important in any pig production system and
often is the “right thing to do” for neighbors and other pig producers in a community.

Answer 8

bio-containment

Question 9

simply preventing the introduction of unwanted disease agents in to the farm or system

Answer 9

Bio-exclusion

Question 10

the combined effort to control economically important
infectious diseases that are already present in the farm population

Answer 10

Bio-management

Question 11

This is where most producers focus.

Answer 11

Bio-exclusion

Question 12

Bio-management key components include

Answer 12

a) Room disinfection
b) Vaccines
c) All-in/all-out pig movement
d) Other procedures designed to reduce the pathogen level or enhance
immunity levels in the pigs

Question 13

To develop a useful biosecurity plan, it is necessary to know

Answer 13

1. Prevalence of disease that can affect your herd
2. How each disease is transmitted
3. How each disease can be controlled
4. How to prevent each disease from entering the herd
5. Potential cost of an introduction and outbreak

Question 14

Option 1

Answer 14

Replacing entire sow herd

Question 15

Option 2

Answer 15

Partial replacement of sow herd

Question 16

Strategies for biosecurity of the pigs and farm should be developed by using a
Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Point (HACCP) approach

Answer 16

Larger Farms

Question 17

HACCP

Answer 17

Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Point

Question 18

one of the main factors that increases the risk of herd acquiring a new disease

Answer 18

proximity of the farm to other live pigs

Question 19

affect
the success of biosecurity plans

Answer 19

the positioning of buildings within the unit, position of ventilation inlets and outlets, people movement, isolation procedures, pig movement, and other factors

Question 20

Factors influencing risk of a breakdown in biosecurity program due to location of pig farm

Answer 20

1. Pig farms nearby
2. Local pig density
3. Other possible sources of contamination
4. Type of terrain
5. Roads
6. Other animals
7. Climate

Question 21

Aerosol and airborne spread of infections depends on these factors

Answer 21

1. Type of pathogen
2. Number and density of animals excreting and susceptible to infection
3. Method of housing
4. Droplet size
5. Relative humidity
6. Ambient temperature
7. Ventilation fans
8. Wind speed
9. Wind direction
10. Sunlight
11. Topography
12. Natural barriers
13. Methods of manure application

Question 22

Swine disease can be spread in a number of ways, including

Answer 22

1. Through diseases swine or healthy swine incubating disease, or unaffected carriers
2. Through new replacement gilts and boars
3. Purchased semen
4. Through other farm animals, insects, pets, birds, and wild animals
5. On the clothing and shoes of visitors and employees moving fromfarmto farm
6. On employees who did not follow all the biosecurity procedures of the farm
7. Any employee or visitor who has had recent direct contact with other pigs
8. On contaminated feed, water, bedding, and soil
9. From the carcasses of dead animals
10. On contaminated equipment and vehicles used on the farm
11. On contaminated veterinary equipment
12. Any equipment that has been in contact with pigs from another site
13. On contaminated commercial vehicles hauling culls, slaughter, or growing pigs
14. Delivering feed (truck or even more so the driver) in airborne particles and dust
    blown by the wind
15. On consumable supplies entering the farm

Question 23

fence that surrounds your outdoor pig facility is recommended, especially if other pigs are close to your farm.

Answer 23

“pig proof”

Question 24

Assessing Visitor Risk and Controlling Access

Answer 24

1. Risk Assessment
2. Entrance to Farm
3. Signage
4. Parking Area
5. Unauthorized Entry by Intruders
6. Authorized Visitors
7. Farm Employee

Question 25

method of evaluating the likelihood and severity of the risk posed by a visitor

Answer 25

Risk Assessment

Question 26

can help get the importance of the biosecure message across to both visitors and farm employees

Answer 26

signs

Question 27

Information to be recorded in a visitor’s log includes

Answer 27

1. A place the visitor can check that confirms he or she understands and will abide by all the policies and procedures for biosecurity of the farm 2. Date of visit 3. Name of visitor 4. Address of visitor 5. Company name 6. Purpose of visit 7. Date of last contact with pigs 8. Time of arrival at farm and time of departure from farm 9. Signature

Question 28

means anyone working on the farm

Answer 28

farm employee

Question 29

SOP

Answer 29

standard operating procedures

Question 30

Bacterial Standards for Potable Water

Answer 30

1. Total absence of Escherichia coli in 100 ml 2. Less than 10 coliforms in 100 ml 3. A total bacterial count (after incubation at 37°C for 18 to 24 hours) or less than 10 organisms per ml

Question 31

The method used for disposal of dead pigs and afterbirth can create a biosecurity hazard.

Answer 31

Dead Pig Postmortem and Disposal

Question 32

Dead Pig Postmortem and Disposal methods

Answer 32

burial, rendering, composting, and incineration