Biosecurity Flashcards
How much of pig disease control comes from management and biosecurity?
75%
What does biosecurity determine?
Mix of pathogens present of farm
What does management determine?
Management of environment
determines the infection pressure and hosts susceptibility to infection
and subsequent disease
What is the epidemiologic triange
Agent - Host - Environment
What is internal biosecurity?
Controlling proliferaition and dissemination of agents among livestock
What is external biosecurity?
Preventing the entry of disease agents
How does disease impact production?
Reduced feed efficiency
Increased medicine use
Reduced growth
Increased weight spread
COST
What is chain thinking?
Infection chain and prevention chain connect epidemiological events between different production phases (production chain) by creating multiple intervention strategies
How does the chain begin?
Gilt replacement and development - Horizontal transmission
Vertical transmission through partruition
Further horizontal transmission through output market
Balancing disease management
Minimise exposure via int and ext biosecurity and flow management and antimicrobial mgmt
Maximize immunity via vx, quarantine, early lactation mgmt, nutrition health and welfare to minimize stress
Contagiousness
spread from pig to pig
Infectiousness
amount needed to infect
Aspects to understanding the pathogen
Contagiousness and infectiveness
Duration and route of shedding
Duration and robustness of immunity
Where is the weakest link of the chain?
Introduction/bringing in of animals
How does biosecurity relate to health status?
Conventional status - poor
Minimal disease - very rigid
Why is pig biosecurity so important?
Everything that comes out of a pig could be contagious
Factors of biosecurity
- Quarantine
- Acclimatise gilts
- Health declarations
*Semen - Location (minimum 3km separation)
- Secure perimeter fence/wall
*Isolation facility remote from unit - Loading bay
- Transport / part loads
*Visitors
*Farm staff
*Park products
*Tools, equipment, supplies
*Feed and bedding
*Water source
Biosecurity risk of outdoor pigs
Parasites - tend to have standard burdens
Contamination from wildlife, etc.
Features of African Swine Fever
Tick borne
No aerosol or transplacental spread
Survives in pork meat products for 2 years
How to maintain hygiene on a farm
Different PPE and equipment for each stage of production (farrow, weaning, gilt and finishing)
Foot dips
How to reduce a pathogen load within pig building
Cleaniness within the environment
Pressure washing
Pig flow
Vaccination and medication
All in All Out vs Continuous flow
All in All out is preferred - pigs come as one and leave as one
Bad practices for pig flow
Mixing of ages
sick and poor pigs
