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PMLS FINALS > Biosafety > Flashcards

Biosafety Flashcards

1
Q

These are measures employed when handling
biohazardous materials to avoid infecting
oneself, others or the environment

A

Biosafety

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2
Q

“PROTECTING PEOPLE FROM BAD BUGS”

A

BIOSAFETY

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3
Q

These are measures employed to protect
biohazardous materials, or critical relevant
information, against theft or diversion by those
who tend to pursue intentional misuse

A

BIOSECURITY

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4
Q

“PROTECTING BAD BUGS FROM BAD
PEOPLE”

A

BIOSECURITY

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5
Q

Laboratory acquired infections caused by human factors

A

80%

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6
Q

Laboratory acquired infections caused by equipment failure

A

20%

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7
Q

Top 4 accidents resulting from infection acquired

A
  • Spillages and splashes
  • Needle and syringe
  • Sharp objects-broken glass
  • Bite or scratch from animals or ectoparasites
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8
Q

Sequence of events required for infection to
occur

A

Chain of Infection

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9
Q

This chain is the basic premise of infection
prevention efforts, as interruption of any one
link in the chain can prevent or eliminate the
possibility of infection

A

Chain of Infection

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10
Q

Germs - Agent

A

any pathogen:
Bacteria
Viruses
Parasites
Fungi
Prions

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11
Q

Where Germs live - Reservoir

A

People, Animals, Food, Soil, Water

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12
Q

describes how the infectious agent exits the infected person in order to make contact with a new hosts.
(avenues)

A

Portals of exit

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13
Q

this link relates to how the pathogen travels from the reservoir or infected person to the new hosts.

A

Mode of transmission

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14
Q

Germs get around - Mode of Transmission

A

Contact (hands, toys, sand)
Droplets (when you speak, sneeze or cough)

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15
Q

How Germs Get In - Portal of Entry

A

Mouth, Cuts in the skin, Eyes

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16
Q

is used to define where the infectious agent gains access to the new hosts.
Ex. Mucous membrane, RT, GIT, UT,
breaks in the skin

A

PORTALS of ENTRY

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17
Q

vulnerable persons to
infection. Ex. Young ones, old ones, weak
immune system due to disease or treatment
(immunocompromised or immunosuppress),
poor nutrition.

A

SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

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18
Q

Next Sick Person - SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

A

Babies, Children, Elderly, Weak immune system, unimmunized people, anyone

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19
Q

_____ & _____ in _______described a model consisting of 3 levels of prevention programs that target interventions.

A

Leavell and Clark in 1958,

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20
Q

Potential Indv.

A

Healthy individuals

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21
Q

Sick Indv.

A

Newly ill individual

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22
Q

Treated Indv.

A

Recovering individual

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23
Q

Target healthy individuals before they actually acquire the infections.

A

Primary Prevention

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24
Q
  • Vaccination
  • Elimination of environmental reservoir
  • Improving Nutritional status
  • Health education, such as hand
    hygiene,
  • Respiratory etiquette
A

Primary Prevention

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25
Q

These strategies target individuals in an early
stage of the disease and focus on early
identification through screening and early treatment.

A

Secondary Prevention

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26
Q
  • Screening of high-risk groups or known exposures for early identification of disease
  • Early and effective treatment
A

Secondary Prevention

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27
Q

Focuses on reducing the impact from the disease. The individual already contracted the disease, but rehabilitation is needed to limit the long-term effects and restore the individual to an optimal level of functioning.

A

Tertiary prevention

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28
Q
  • Reduce or limit impairment-ex. surgical repair
  • Minimize suffering
    ex. PT,OT, ST
  • Promote adjustment to long-term effects
    of the disease. - ex. changes in nutritional
    requirement.
A

Tertiary prevention

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29
Q

HAI

A

healthcare acquired infections

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30
Q

Universal Precaustions:
are carriers of transient or resident microorganism.

A

Healthcare practitioners

31
Q

Universal Precautions:
must be strictly implemented

A

Hand hygiene/hand washing

32
Q

Universal Precautions:
are considered possible carriers of
infectious pathogens

A

All patients

33
Q

Type of glove which is not recommended due to high failure rate

A

Vinyl

34
Q

it is worn when there is the possibility of direct contact with blood, bf, mucous membrane and infectious material.

A

Gloves

35
Q

To protect the arms, torso and clothing from
spills and splashes

A

Gowns

36
Q

To protect the eyes and face from splashes,
impacting objects

A

Goggles

37
Q

To protect the mouth and nose

A

Mask

38
Q

SEQUENCE OF DONNING PPE

A

● Gown first
● Mask or respirator
● Goggles or face shield
● HAND HYGIENE
● Gloves

39
Q

SEQUENCE FOR REMOVING PPE

A

● Gloves
● Hand hygiene
● Face shield or goggles
● Gown
● Mask or respirator

40
Q

WHERE TO REMOVE PPE

A

● At doorway, before leaving patient room or in
anteroom.

41
Q

Remove _______ outside room, after door
has been closed.

A

respirator

42
Q

Biologic safety cabinet: Low to moderate risk biologic agents

A

Class I and II

43
Q

Biologic safety cabinet: High risk biologic agents

A

Class III

44
Q

Biosafety level of class I and II Biologic safety cabinet

A

1,2,3

45
Q

Biosafety level of class III Biologic safety cabinet

A

4

46
Q

HEPA

A

High Efficiency Particulate Air

47
Q

HEPA filters can remove at least ___ of dust, pollen, mold, bacteria, and any airborne
particles with a size of ____ micrometers (μm)

A

99.97%
0.3

48
Q

HEPA filter is constructed of ___________________________ in the form of pleated sheet

A

borosilicate microfibres

49
Q

The pleats are separated by _____________________________ or stitched fabric ribbons, which direct
airflow through the filter.

A

serrated aluminum baffles

50
Q

Biosafety Level - a microorganism that is unlikely to cause human or animal disease

A

Basic Biosafety
Level 1

50
Q

Biosafety Level - a microorganism that is unlikely to cause human or animal disease

A

Basic Biosafety
Level 1

51
Q

A pathogen that can cause human or animal diseases but unlikely to be serious hazard to lab
workers, community, livestock or the environment

A

Basic Biosafety
Level 2

52
Q

A pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease but does not ordinarily spread from one infected individual to another. Effective treatment and preventive measures are available

A

Containment
Biosafety Level 3

53
Q

A pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease and communicable either directly or indirectly. NO available treatment and preventive measures

A

Maximum containment
Biosafety Level 4

54
Q

no or low individual and community risk

A

1

55
Q

Moderate individual risk, low community risk

A

2

56
Q

High individual risk

A

3

57
Q

High individual and community risk

A

4

58
Q

to prevent discharge of aerosol (source
of infection)

A

HEPA filters

59
Q

Disposal of Biologic Waste:
Incineration or Burning

A

Dry heat

60
Q

Disposal of Biologic Waste:
- plastic equipments (heat sensitive)
- Glutaraldehyde, Formaldehyde

A

CHEMICAL DISINFECTION

61
Q

HEAT DISINFECTION/STERILIZATION
Dry heat for ____ degrees for more than 2-4hours

A

160 degrees Celcius

62
Q

HEAT DISINFECTION/STERILIZATION
Autoclaving (steam under pressure)

A

Moist heat

63
Q

GAS STERILIZATION
carcinogenic, toxic, flammable and explosive. Items must be aerated before use.

A

Ethylene Oxide

64
Q

GAS STERILIZATION
gas molecules are excited to produce charged
particles by subjecting them to radio frequency
or microwave energy in an enclosed chamber.
28 min or more and exposed to > 50° C. no need for aeration

A

Hydrogen Peroxide Gas plasma

65
Q

Last in Disposal of Biologic Waste

A

PICK-UP BY CERTIFIED HAZARDOUS WASTE
COMPANY

66
Q
  1. Flush area with large amount of water
  2. Contaminated clothing should be removed
    immediately
  3. Do not neutralize chemicals
A

Chemical Spills

67
Q
  1. Never mixed chemicals unless specified
  2. Wear goggles when preparing reagents
  3. Do not pipette by mouth
A

Chemical Handling

68
Q
  1. Poisonous, Corrosive, Carcinogenic
A

Chemical Labeling

69
Q
  1. Continually observe for frayed cords and
    overloaded circuits
  2. Avoid unplugging equipment with wet hands or while cleaning.
  3. Remove source of electricity if electrical shocks are encountered or avoid transfer of the current
A

Electrical Hazards

70
Q

RACE

A

Rescue
Alarm
Contain
Extinguish

71
Q

3 components of fire

A

heat, oxygen, fuel

72
Q
  1. Avoid running in rooms and hallways
  2. Watch for wet floors
  3. Bend knees when lifting heavy objects
  4. Keep long hair pulled back
  5. Avoid dangling jewelry
  6. Maintain clean and organized work area
  7. Wear closed toe-shoes
A

Physical Hazards

PMLS FINALS (4 decks)

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