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Psychology > Biopsychology (Unit 2) > Flashcards

Biopsychology (Unit 2) Flashcards

1
Q

nervous system

A

a network of nerve cells which transmit nerve impulses between parts of the body

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2
Q

central nervous system

A

made up of the brain/spinal chord

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3
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

the nervous system outside the brain and spinal chord

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4
Q

nerves

A

fibers that transmit impulses to the brain, communicating them to the muscles/organs

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5
Q

receptor cells

A

cells that recieve messages sent by neurons

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6
Q

sensory (afferent) neurons

A

carry sensory information to the central nervous system

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7
Q

motor (efferent) neurons

A

nerve fibers responsible for carrying signals from the brain to the peripheral nervous system in order to initiate an action

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8
Q

interneurons

A

a neuron that acts solely to pass information to other neurons

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9
Q

somatic nervous system

A

peripheral nervous system, associated with voluntary body movements

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10
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

peripheral nervous system, regulates involuntary physiological responses

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11
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

a network of nerves that helps your body activate fight or flight

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12
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

a network of nerves that relaxes your body after stress

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13
Q

neurons

A

brain cell that receives/sends messages through electrical impulses

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14
Q

soma

A

the cell body of a neuron

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15
Q

axon

A

extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages are sent to other neurons

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16
Q

myelin sheath

A

helps speed up neural impulses

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17
Q

glial cells

A

cells that hold nerve cells in place and help them work the way they should

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18
Q

depolarization

A

the process of your neurons creating electricity

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19
Q

action potential

A

the process of neural firing

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20
Q

resting potential

A

the condition of the neuron while it is resting

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21
Q

refractory period

A

a period of time in which she speed of a secondary stimulus being recognized is slower because an initial stimulus is still being processed

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22
Q

all or nothing response

A

neurons will either transmit an impulse or they won’t, no inbetween

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23
Q

`synapse

A

the junction between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another, through which the two neurons communicate

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24
Q

neurotransmitters

A

chemicals that allow neurons to communicate

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25
reuptake
what happens after a signal is transmitted, a neurotransmitter is reabsorbed back into the cell that originally released it
26
acytlcholine
an excitatory neurotransmitter that links neurons and muscles
27
dopamine
an excitatory neurotransmitter that is involved in learning, pleasure, and attention
27
serotonin
an inhibitory neurotransmitter that affects mood and is involved in hunger, sleep, and arousal
27
norepinepherine
an excitatory neurotransmitter that helps control alertness and arousal
28
GABA
a major inhibitory transmitter that creates a calming effect
29
what are the main excitatory neurotransmitters
acetylcholine, norepinephrine, and dopamine
30
what are the main inhibitory neurotransmitters
GABA and serotonin
31
endorphins
hormones that your body releases as a response to stress, pain, or pleasure
32
opioids
chemicals that interact with the opioid receptors in our brains and reduce perception of pain
33
agonist
a substance that enhances the effects of a given neurotransmitter
34
antagonist
a substance that inhibits the effects of a given neurotransmitter
35
neuroplasticity
the brain's ability to change and adapt due to experience
36
lesion
a region in tissue that has suffered damage through injury/disease
37
CT scan
an imaging scan meant to understand brain structure
38
PET scan
an imaging test using radiation to understand the brain's functionality
39
MRI scan
a detailed brain imaging procedure that uses magnetic fields to understand brain structure
40
fMRI scan
a brain imaging technique that measures small changes in blood flow during brain activity
41
EEG scan
a medical test used to measure electrical activity in the brain
42
which brain scans are used to measure brain STRUCTURE
MRI, CT
43
which brain scans are used to measure brain FUNCTION
fMRI, PET, EEG
44
brainstem
the structure that connects the cerebrum of the brain to the spinal chord
45
medulla
manages heart rate, circulation, breathing, and blood pressure
46
thallamus
the body's relay system, plays a role in sleep, consciousness, learning, and memory
47
reticular formation
involved in pain, alertness, fatigue, sleep, and motivation
48
cerebellum
responsible for movement, coordination, and motor learning
49
limbic system
processes and regulates emotion, memory, sex drive, and learning
50
amygdala
major processing center for emotions
51
hypothallamus
produces hormones that control body temp, heart rate, and hunger
52
hippocampus
responsible for learning and memory
53
cerebral cortex
the outer layer of the brain's surface, carries out thinking, planning, judgement, and logic
54
frontal lobes
involved in speaking/muscle movements and making judgements
55
parietal lobes
involved in sensations such as touch, pressure, and pain
56
occipital lobes
processes vision (visual cortex)
57
temporal lobes
involved in hearing (auditory cortex)
58
motor cortex
area in the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements
59
somatosensory cortex
area in the front of the parietal lobe that processes sensations
60
association areas
"uncommitted" areas that are not involved in primary functions but play a role in learning, memory, and thinking
61
neurogenesis
the creation of new neurons
62
corpus callosum
a large area in the center of the brain that allows the two hemispheres to communicate
63
aphasia
the loss of the ability to understand/produce language
64
broca's area
involved in the muscle movements necessary for speech
65
wernicke's area
involved in the comprehension of language both written and spoken
66
broca's aphasia
inability to produce spoken language due to a damaged broca's area
67
wernicke's aphasia
inability to comprehend language due to damaged wernicke's area
68
prosopagnosia
a neurological condition characterized by the inability to recognize faces

Psychology (5 decks)

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