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Psychology Paper 2 > Biopsychology: Brain localisation > Flashcards

Biopsychology: Brain localisation Flashcards

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1
Q

The brain is divided into ____ hemispheres.

A

2

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2
Q

The two hemispheres of the brain are called the _____ and _____ hemispheres.

A

Left and right

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3
Q

Define localisation of function:

A

The theory that different areas of the brain are responsible for specific behaviours, processes or activities.

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4
Q

What is the role of the motor area?

A

Involved in regulating movement

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5
Q

What is the role of the somatosensory area?

A

Processes sensory information (e.g. touch)

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6
Q

What is the role of the visual area?

A

Receives and processes visual information.

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7
Q

What is the role of the auditory area?

A

Analysis of speech-based information.

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8
Q

What is the role of the Broca’s area?

A

Responsible for speech production.

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9
Q

Where is the Broca’s area located?

A
  • Left hemisphere
  • Frontal lobe
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10
Q

What is the role of the Wernicke’s area?

A

Responsible for language comprehension.

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11
Q

Where is the Wernicke’s area located?

A
  • Left hemisphere
  • Temporal lobe
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12
Q

What is meant by lateralisation?

A

Our behavioural and psychological functions are dominated by a specific hemisphere.

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13
Q

What are the 4 main lobes?

A
  • Frontal lobe
  • Temporal lobe
  • Parietal lobe
  • Occipital lobe
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14
Q

Define localisation of function:

A

The theory that different areas of the brain are responsible for specific behaviours, processes or activities.

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15
Q

Name the 4 lobes:

A
  • Frontal
  • Parietal
  • Temporal
  • Occipital
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16
Q

In the 19th century, the brain was seen through a _____ point of view.

A

Hollistic

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17
Q

The left side of the body is controlled by the _____ hemisphere.

A

Right

18
Q

The right side of the body is controlled by the ____ hemisphere

A

Left

19
Q

Impact of damage to the Broca’s area:

A

Broca’s asphasia

20
Q

What are the impacts of Broca’s asphasia?

A

Slow speech that is lacking in fluency.

21
Q

Who was Broca’s case study?

A

Tan

22
Q

What was wrong with Tan?

A

Tan had Broca’s asphasia- meaning his speech was impaired and he could only say “tan”.

23
Q

Impact of damage to the Wernicke’s area:

A

Wernicke’s asphasia

24
Q

Impacts of Wernicke’s asphasia:

A

People will say nonsense words and speak abnormally.

25
Q

Name the 4 evaluation points for brain localisation:

A
  • Evidence from neurosurgery (S)
  • Evidence from brain scans (S)
  • Language localisation questioned (L)
  • Case study evidence (S/L)
26
Q

Explain evidence from neurosurgery as a strength supporting brain localisation:

A
  • Damage to areas of the brain has been linked to mental disorders.
  • Neurosurgery has been used to treat some mental disorders and has been successful
  • Success of procedures suggests that behaviours associated with serious mental disorders may be localised.
27
Q

Explain evidence from brain scans as a strength supporting brain localisation:

A
  • Supports the idea that many everyday brain functions are localised.
  • Peterson used brain scans to demonstrate how how the Wernickes area was active during a listening task and the Broca’s area during a reading task.
  • Objective methods for measuring brain activity have provided sound scientific evidence that many brain functions are localised.
28
Q

Explain language localisation questioned as a limitation critising brain localisation:

A
  • Language may not be localised just to the Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas.
  • Advances in brain imaging techniques (e.g. fMRI) mean that neural processes can be studied with more clarity than ever before.
  • Language function is more hollistic than we first thought.
29
Q

Explain case study as a strength and limitation for brain localisation:

A
  • Phineas Gage supports localisation theory.
  • Difficult to generalise results from the findings of a single individual.
  • Conclusions drawn may depend on the subjective interpretation of the researcher
30
Q

What is hemispheric lateralisation:

A

The idea that the two hemispheres of the brain are functionally different and control different processes.

31
Q

What occurs in split-brain research:

A

Corpus Callosum is severed.

32
Q

Who done research into split-brains?

A

Sperry

33
Q

Explain the procedure for Sperry’s research into split-brains:

A
  • 11 people with severed corpus callosom were studied on either the right or left visual field.
34
Q

What were the findings of Sperry’s research into split-brains:

A
  • Image shown in RVF could be desrcibed but not drawn
  • Image shown in LVF could be drawn but not described
35
Q

What are the 3 evaluation points for hemispheric lateralisation research:

A
  • Lateralisation in the connected brain (S)
  • One brain (L)
  • Lateralisation VS Plasticity (L)
36
Q

Explain lateralisation in the connected brain as a strength of hemispheric lateralisation:

A
  • Even in connected brains the two hemispheres process information differently.
  • Fink used PET scans to find that when patients with connected brains were told to look at an image on a whole, their RH was more active. And when told to look at smaller details, their LH was more active.
  • Hemispheric lateralisation is present in both split and connected brains
37
Q

Explain one brain as a limitation for hemispheric lateralisation:

A
  • Research suggests that people do not have a dominant hemisphere that which influences a specific personality.
  • No evidence to prove that theory.
38
Q

Explain lateralisation vs plasticity as a limitation for hemispheric lateralisation:

A
  • Lateralisation is adaptive as it enables two tasks to be preformed simultaneously
  • However neural plasticity could also be seen as adaptive as following trauma, functions can be taken over from damaged parts by healthy parts of the brain.
39
Q

Explain research support as a strength for Sperrys split-brain research:

A
  • Gazzainga found that split-brain pateinnts do perform better
  • Supports the idea that the functions of the LH and RH are different.
40
Q

Explain generalisation issues as a limitation of Sperrys split-brain research:

A
  • Cause and effect relationships are hard to examine.
  • Behaviour of split-brain group was compared to a control group with none of them having epliepsy.
  • Major confounding variable as any differences between the two groups may have been die to epliepsy rather than split-brain.
41
Q

What are the three evaluation points for Sperry’s split brain research:

A
  • Research support (S)
  • Generalisation issues (L)
  • Ethics (S)
42
Q

Explain ethics as a strength for Sperrys split-brain research:

A
  • Pateienrs already had the split-brain operation done
  • Participantants had informed consent.

Psychology Paper 2 (13 decks)

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