Biopsychology

Question 1

Inter neurons

Answer 1

• Found in visual system, brain or spinal chord

- Received from sensory neurons and pass to motor

Question 2

Sensory neurons

Answer 2

• Carry messages from receptors to CNS

- Sense organs, muscles, skin and joints detect change and send impulses to CNS

Question 3

Motor neurons

Answer 3

-Carry messages from the CNS to effectors

Question 4

Parts of a neuron

Answer 4

Nucleus - contains genetic info
Cell Body - holds the nucleus
Dendrites - receive info from other neurons
Axon - carries messages from the cell body to synapse
Axon ending - sends impulses to dendrites of next neuron
Myelin Sheath - insulator around axon, speeds up transmission of impulses
Nodes of Ranvier - speeds up transmission, allows nutrients to enter neuron and waste to exit

Question 5

Serotonin

Answer 5

• Relegated to mood

- Too little results in low mood and anxiety

Question 6

Dopamine

Answer 6

• Relegated to pleasure seeking and emotion

- Too high results in addictive behaviours

Question 7

Acetylcholine

Answer 7

• Relegated to learning and memory
• Sharpens concentration and perception
• Too little results in memory loss (Alzheimer’s)

Question 8

Divisions of the nervous system

Answer 8

Central Nervous System / Peripheral Nervous System.

PNS = Autonomic / Somatic

Autonomic = Sympathetic / Parasympathetic

Question 9

Parts of nervous system

Answer 9

CNS = brain (thoughts, emotions, main activities) and spinal chord (flow of information).
Autonomic = involuntary movements (digestion, respiration, heart rate)
Somatic = voluntary movements (skeletal movements).
Sympathetic = involved in fight or flight response.
Parasympathetic = reverses effects of sympathetic.

Question 10

Stage 1 - Synaptic Transmission

Answer 10

Nerve impulses sent down the axon ending…

…vesicles release NT’s into the synapse.

Question 11

Stage 2 - Synaptic Transmission

Answer 11

NT’s bind to receptors of the next dendrite.

Question 12

Stage 3 - Synaptic Transmission

Answer 12

Summation (calculation of excited and inhibited NT’s)

EPSP - excites and boosts body (eg, adrenaline) more likely to be re-fired.
IPSP - relaxes body (eg, serotonin) less likely to be re-fired.

Question 13

Stage 4 - Synaptic Transmission

Answer 13

NT’s are released back into the synapse after summation. Either reuptaken or diffused into synapse.

Question 14

The Fight or Flight process

Answer 14

1) receptors in eyes detect threat and sends to hypothalamus
2) hypothalamus communicates message to sympathetic system
3) SNS sends signals to adrenal medulla, to release adrenaline
4) adrenaline increases heart and breathing rate (oxygen to muscles), releases glucose (for energy), inhibits digestion (blood from stomach to muscles)
5) once passed, parasympathetic reverses these effects and restores homeostasis

Question 15

Gender differences in fight of flight

Answer 15

WORK FROM HERE