Biopsychology

Question 1

What are sensory pathways?

Answer 1

Information from sensory receptors are transmitted by sensory neurons to the CNS

Question 2

What are motor pathways

Answer 2

Information from CNS are transmitted by motor neurons to skeletal muscles

Question 3

What is a description of a sensory neuron?

Answer 3

Unipolar, cell body in middle of axon, long dendrites and shorter axons

Question 4

Description of relay neuron

Answer 4

Multipolar, cell body in middle of neuron, short dendrites and short axons

Question 5

Description of motor neuron

Answer 5

Multipolar, cell body at one end of neuron, short dendrites, long axons

Question 6

Where are sensory neurons found

Answer 6

In the somatic division of the peripheral nervous system

Question 7

Where are motor neurons found

Answer 7

In the CNS

Question 8

Where are the motor neurons found

Answer 8

In the somatic division of the peripheral nervous system

Question 9

What is the function of the relay neuron

Answer 9

To connect sensory and motor neurons in the CNS and process sensory information

Question 10

How fast can information travel through neurons

Answer 10

At over 100 metres p/s

Question 11

What are pulses of electricity known as

Answer 11

Action potentials

Question 12

Where do impulses start and end

Answer 12

Start at the dendrites then finish at the axon terminal

Question 13

How do neurons transmit signals?

Answer 13

Electrically

Question 14

What are chemical messengers between neurons called

Answer 14

Neurotransmitters

Question 15

What is synaptic transmission?

Answer 15

When neurotransmitters are released from one neurons and bind to the next neuron to pass information

Question 16

Synaptic transmission 1

Answer 16

Vesicles in the presynaptic neuron release neurotransmitters into synaptic cleft

Question 17

Synaptic transmission 2

Answer 17

Neurotransmitter binds to receptors in the post-synaptic neuron and activates them

Question 18

Synaptic transmission 3

Answer 18

Excess neurotransmitter is taken up by the ore-synaptic neuron in a process called reuptake

Question 19

Synaptic transmission 4

Answer 19

Enzymes are released to breakdown remaining neurotransmitter

Question 20

Synaptic transmission 5

Answer 20

Vesicles are replenished with new and reused neurotransmitter

Question 21

What are neurotransmitters

Answer 21

The chemical messengers that allow info to be passed across the synapse from one neuron to the next

Question 22

What is an example of a neurotransmitter

Answer 22

GABA and noradrenaline

Question 23

What do excitatory neurotransmitters do?

Answer 23

Increase communication between nerve cells and thus stimulates neural activity

Question 24

What does excitatory neurotransmitters allow into the post-synaptic neuron

Answer 24

Positivity charged ions which will make action potential more likely

Question 25

What does positively charged ions in the post-synaptic neuron lead to?

Answer 25

Depolarisation

Question 26

What do inhibitory neurotransmitters do

Answer 26

Dampen communication between nerve cells and thus reduces neural activity

Question 27

What do inhibitory neurotransmitters allow for

Answer 27

Negatively charged ions inside the post synaptic neuron which makes it less likely for the action potential to occur

Question 28

What do negative charged ions lead to

Answer 28

Hyperpolarisation

Question 29

What is summation

Answer 29

Refers to the net calculation of two types of potentials

Question 30

What is the endocrine system

Answer 30

Provides the human body with a chemical system of communication via the blood stream

Question 31

What does the endocrine system work with

Answer 31

The nervous system

Question 32

What is the function of the endocrine system

Answer 32

To affect and organise the body’s entire physiological system, regulation bodily functions and behaviours

Question 33

What does the endocrine system consist of

Answer 33

A network of glands

Question 34

What are glands

Answer 34

Structures/organs which release hormones into the blood stream

Question 35

What is the role of the pituitary gland

Answer 35

Controls the action of all other glands in the body

Question 36

What are hormones

Answer 36

Chemical messengers released from glands

Question 37

Where do these hormones travel to

Answer 37

Other glands or organs in distant locations throughout the body

Question 38

What different functions do hormones have?

Answer 38

Examples: regulating growth, metabolism or reproduction.

Question 39

What organ release insulin

Answer 39

The pancreas

Question 40

What releases testosterone

Answer 40

Testes

Question 41

What is first triggered in the fight or flight response

Answer 41

Hypothalamus

Question 42

What is activated by the hypothalamus

Answer 42

Sympatho-medullary pathway

Question 43

What is then secreted by the adrenal edulla

Answer 43

Adrenaline and noradrenaline

Question 44

What detects these secreted hormones

Answer 44

Adrenergic receptors in target cells of the body

Question 45

What sort of changed happen in the fight or flight response

Answer 45

Increased heartbeat, oxygen and glucose supply to the brain

Question 46

What happens to the pupils in the fight or flight response

Answer 46

Dilate to increase awareness