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Psychology paper 2 > Biopsychology > Flashcards

Biopsychology Flashcards

1
Q

What are sensory pathways?

A

Information from sensory receptors are transmitted by sensory neurons to the CNS

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2
Q

What are motor pathways

A

Information from CNS are transmitted by motor neurons to skeletal muscles

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3
Q

What is a description of a sensory neuron?

A

Unipolar, cell body in middle of axon, long dendrites and shorter axons

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4
Q

Description of relay neuron

A

Multipolar, cell body in middle of neuron, short dendrites and short axons

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5
Q

Description of motor neuron

A

Multipolar, cell body at one end of neuron, short dendrites, long axons

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6
Q

Where are sensory neurons found

A

In the somatic division of the peripheral nervous system

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7
Q

Where are motor neurons found

A

In the CNS

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8
Q

Where are the motor neurons found

A

In the somatic division of the peripheral nervous system

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9
Q

What is the function of the relay neuron

A

To connect sensory and motor neurons in the CNS and process sensory information

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10
Q

How fast can information travel through neurons

A

At over 100 metres p/s

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11
Q

What are pulses of electricity known as

A

Action potentials

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12
Q

Where do impulses start and end

A

Start at the dendrites then finish at the axon terminal

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13
Q

How do neurons transmit signals?

A

Electrically

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14
Q

What are chemical messengers between neurons called

A

Neurotransmitters

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15
Q

What is synaptic transmission?

A

When neurotransmitters are released from one neurons and bind to the next neuron to pass information

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16
Q

Synaptic transmission 1

A

Vesicles in the presynaptic neuron release neurotransmitters into synaptic cleft

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17
Q

Synaptic transmission 2

A

Neurotransmitter binds to receptors in the post-synaptic neuron and activates them

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18
Q

Synaptic transmission 3

A

Excess neurotransmitter is taken up by the ore-synaptic neuron in a process called reuptake

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19
Q

Synaptic transmission 4

A

Enzymes are released to breakdown remaining neurotransmitter

20
Q

Synaptic transmission 5

A

Vesicles are replenished with new and reused neurotransmitter

21
Q

What are neurotransmitters

A

The chemical messengers that allow info to be passed across the synapse from one neuron to the next

22
Q

What is an example of a neurotransmitter

A

GABA and noradrenaline

23
Q

What do excitatory neurotransmitters do?

A

Increase communication between nerve cells and thus stimulates neural activity

24
Q

What does excitatory neurotransmitters allow into the post-synaptic neuron

A

Positivity charged ions which will make action potential more likely

25
Q

What does positively charged ions in the post-synaptic neuron lead to?

A

Depolarisation

26
Q

What do inhibitory neurotransmitters do

A

Dampen communication between nerve cells and thus reduces neural activity

27
Q

What do inhibitory neurotransmitters allow for

A

Negatively charged ions inside the post synaptic neuron which makes it less likely for the action potential to occur

28
Q

What do negative charged ions lead to

A

Hyperpolarisation

29
Q

What is summation

A

Refers to the net calculation of two types of potentials

30
Q

What is the endocrine system

A

Provides the human body with a chemical system of communication via the blood stream

31
Q

What does the endocrine system work with

A

The nervous system

32
Q

What is the function of the endocrine system

A

To affect and organise the body’s entire physiological system, regulation bodily functions and behaviours

33
Q

What does the endocrine system consist of

A

A network of glands

34
Q

What are glands

A

Structures/organs which release hormones into the blood stream

35
Q

What is the role of the pituitary gland

A

Controls the action of all other glands in the body

36
Q

What are hormones

A

Chemical messengers released from glands

37
Q

Where do these hormones travel to

A

Other glands or organs in distant locations throughout the body

38
Q

What different functions do hormones have?

A

Examples: regulating growth, metabolism or reproduction.

39
Q

What organ release insulin

A

The pancreas

40
Q

What releases testosterone

A

Testes

41
Q

What is first triggered in the fight or flight response

A

Hypothalamus

42
Q

What is activated by the hypothalamus

A

Sympatho-medullary pathway

43
Q

What is then secreted by the adrenal edulla

A

Adrenaline and noradrenaline

44
Q

What detects these secreted hormones

A

Adrenergic receptors in target cells of the body

45
Q

What sort of changed happen in the fight or flight response

A

Increased heartbeat, oxygen and glucose supply to the brain

46
Q

What happens to the pupils in the fight or flight response

A

Dilate to increase awareness

Psychology paper 2 (14 decks)

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