Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

a level approaches > biopsychology > Flashcards

biopsychology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the nervous system

A
  1. collect, process, respond to information in the environment
  2. to coordinate the working of different organs and cells in the body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 2 divisions of the nervous system

A

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

central nervous system (CNS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the function of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

transmits messages to/from the CNS via neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the 2 divisions of the peripheral nervous system

A

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

somatic nervous system (SNS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

list 5 functions the autonomic nervous system (ANS) govern

A
  • breathing
  • heart rate
  • digestion
  • stress
  • sexual arousal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)

A

parasympathetic nervous system

sympathetic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system

A

“rest and digest”

normal state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the function of the sympathetic nervous system

A

“fight or flight”
responds in times of stress

increased heartrate
increased blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

list 2 things the “fight or flight” response causes

A

increased heartrate
increased blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

finish this sentence :

the parasympathetic nervous system and the sympathetic nervous system work in ………. to each other

A

the parasympathetic nervous system and the sympathetic nervous system work in OPPOSITION to each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the function of the somatic nervous system (SNS)

A

governs muscle movement

receives information from sensory receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

name the 2 main components of the central nervous system

A
  • brain
  • spinal cord
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the outer layer of the brain called

A

cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how many hemispheres does the brain have

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the function of the brain

A

centre of concious awareness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the function of the spinal cord ( 3 marks)

A

passes messages to/from brain

connects nerves to the PNS

controls reflex action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

describe 3 changes that occur during the sympathetic state

A
  • increased heartrate
  • increased breathing rate
  • pupils dilate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the function of the endocrine system

A

instructs glands to release hormones into the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what hormone does the thyroid gland release

A

thyroxine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the function of thyroxine

A

increase heartrate and metabolic rate (which affects growth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what hormone do the adrenal glands release

A

adrenaline

22
Q

what is the function of adrenaline

A

creates the physiological arousal needed for the fight or flight response

23
Q

where is the adrenal gland located

A

ontop of kidneys

23
Q

where is the thyroid gland located

A

throat

24
Q

where is the pituitary gland located

A

in the brain

25
Q

what is the function of the pitutiary gland

A

“master gland”

controls the release of hormones from other glands in the body

26
Q

define neuron

A

nerve cells that process and transmit messages through electrical and chemical signals

27
Q

how many neurons are in the body

A

100 billion

28
Q

what percentage of neurons are located in the brain

A

80%

29
Q

name the 8 parts to the structure of a neuron

A

dendrite
nucleus
cell body (soma)
myelin sheath
node of ranvier
axon
axon terminal
terminal button

30
Q

what is the function of dendrites

A

carry nerve impulses from other neurons towards the body cell

31
Q

what is the function of a nucleus

A

contains the genetic material of a cell

32
Q

what is the function of the myelin sheath

A

fatty layer that protects the axon

and speeds up the electrical transmission of impulses

33
Q

what is the function of the node of ranvier

A

gaps which speed up trasnmission by forcing the impulse to jump across the gaps along the axon

34
Q

what is the function of the axon

A

carry impulses away from the cell body down the length of the neuron

35
Q

what is the function of terminal button

A

communicate with the next neuron in the chain

36
Q

what is the function of sensory neurons

A

carry messages from the peripheral nervous system (PNS) to the central nervous system (CNS)

37
Q

what is the
1. dendrite length
2. axon length

for sensory neuron

A
  1. long dendrites
  2. short axon
38
Q

what is the function of relay neurons

A

connect sensory neurons to motor neurons or other relay neurons

39
Q

what is the
1. dendrite length
2. axon length

for relay neurons

A
  1. short dendrites
  2. short axon
40
Q

what is the function of motor neurons

A

connects the central nervous system to effectors (eg: muscles and glands)

41
Q

name 2 types of effectors

A

muscles

glands

42
Q

what is the
1. dendrite length
2. axon length

for motor neuron

A
  1. short dendrites
  2. long axon
43
Q

fill in the gaps using the word list

The knee- jerk reflex is an example of a reflex arc

A stimulus (e,g: hammer) hits the knee. This is detected by sense organs in the … which convey a message along the ……. ……

This message reaches the … , where it connects with a ….. ……

This transfers the message to a ….. ……

This carries a message to an …….. which causes the muscle to contract causing the knee to jerk

MISSING WORDS:

EFFECTOR
SENSORY NEURON
MOTOR NEURON
CNS (CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM)
PNS (PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM)
RELAY NEURON

A

The knee- jerk reflex is an example of a reflex arc

A stimulus (e,g: hammer) hits the knee. This is detected by sense organs in the PNS which convey a message along the SENSORY NEURON

This message reaches the CNS , where it connects with a RELAY NEURON

This transfers the message to a MOTOR NEURON

This carries a message to an EFFECTOR which causes the muscle to contract causing the knee to jerk

44
Q

define action potential

A

neuron is activated by stimulus

neuron fires and creates an electrical impulse

45
Q

define synapse

A

gap between neurons that signals are chemically transmitted across

46
Q

define neurotransmitters

A

chemicals that diffuse across a synapse to the next neuron in the chain

47
Q

what happens once a neurotransmitter chemically diffuses to the next neuron

A

it is converted back into an electrical impulse

48
Q

why is neurotransmitters having a specific shape important

A

neurotransmitters have a specific shape that perfectly fits with the postsynaptic receptor site

this allows it to have a specific function

49
Q

define summation

A

action potential of postsynaptic neuron is only triggered if the sum of the excitatory and inhibitory signal at any 1 time reaches the threshold

50
Q

define excitation

A

neuron becomes more positively charged

therefore more likely to fire

51
Q

define inhibitory

A

neuron becomes more negatively charged

less likely to fire

a level approaches (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions