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a level approaches > biopsychology > Flashcards

biopsychology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the nervous system

A
  1. collect, process, respond to information in the environment
  2. to coordinate the working of different organs and cells in the body
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2
Q

what are the 2 divisions of the nervous system

A

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

central nervous system (CNS)

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3
Q

what is the function of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

transmits messages to/from the CNS via neurons

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4
Q

what are the 2 divisions of the peripheral nervous system

A

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

somatic nervous system (SNS)

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5
Q

list 5 functions the autonomic nervous system (ANS) govern

A
  • breathing
  • heart rate
  • digestion
  • stress
  • sexual arousal
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6
Q

what are the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)

A

parasympathetic nervous system

sympathetic nervous system

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7
Q

what is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system

A

“rest and digest”

normal state

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8
Q

what is the function of the sympathetic nervous system

A

“fight or flight”
responds in times of stress

increased heartrate
increased blood pressure

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9
Q

list 2 things the “fight or flight” response causes

A

increased heartrate
increased blood pressure

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10
Q

finish this sentence :

the parasympathetic nervous system and the sympathetic nervous system work in ………. to each other

A

the parasympathetic nervous system and the sympathetic nervous system work in OPPOSITION to each other

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11
Q

what is the function of the somatic nervous system (SNS)

A

governs muscle movement

receives information from sensory receptors

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12
Q

name the 2 main components of the central nervous system

A
  • brain
  • spinal cord
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13
Q

what is the outer layer of the brain called

A

cerebral cortex

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14
Q

how many hemispheres does the brain have

A

2

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15
Q

what is the function of the brain

A

centre of concious awareness

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16
Q

what is the function of the spinal cord ( 3 marks)

A

passes messages to/from brain

connects nerves to the PNS

controls reflex action

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17
Q

describe 3 changes that occur during the sympathetic state

A
  • increased heartrate
  • increased breathing rate
  • pupils dilate
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18
Q

what is the function of the endocrine system

A

instructs glands to release hormones into the bloodstream

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19
Q

what hormone does the thyroid gland release

A

thyroxine

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20
Q

what is the function of thyroxine

A

increase heartrate and metabolic rate (which affects growth)

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21
Q

what hormone do the adrenal glands release

A

adrenaline

22
Q

what is the function of adrenaline

A

creates the physiological arousal needed for the fight or flight response

23
Q

where is the adrenal gland located

A

ontop of kidneys

23
Q

where is the thyroid gland located

24
where is the pituitary gland located
in the brain
25
what is the function of the pitutiary gland
"master gland" controls the release of hormones from other glands in the body
26
define neuron
nerve cells that process and transmit messages through electrical and chemical signals
27
how many neurons are in the body
100 billion
28
what percentage of neurons are located in the brain
80%
29
name the 8 parts to the structure of a neuron
dendrite nucleus cell body (soma) myelin sheath node of ranvier axon axon terminal terminal button
30
what is the function of dendrites
carry nerve impulses from other neurons towards the body cell
31
what is the function of a nucleus
contains the genetic material of a cell
32
what is the function of the myelin sheath
fatty layer that protects the axon and speeds up the electrical transmission of impulses
33
what is the function of the node of ranvier
gaps which speed up trasnmission by forcing the impulse to jump across the gaps along the axon
34
what is the function of the axon
carry impulses away from the cell body down the length of the neuron
35
what is the function of terminal button
communicate with the next neuron in the chain
36
what is the function of sensory neurons
carry messages from the peripheral nervous system (PNS) to the central nervous system (CNS)
37
what is the 1. dendrite length 2. axon length for sensory neuron
1. long dendrites 1. short axon
38
what is the function of relay neurons
connect sensory neurons to motor neurons or other relay neurons
39
what is the 1. dendrite length 2. axon length for relay neurons
1. short dendrites 2. short axon
40
what is the function of motor neurons
connects the central nervous system to effectors (eg: muscles and glands)
41
name 2 types of effectors
muscles glands
42
what is the 1. dendrite length 2. axon length for motor neuron
1. short dendrites 2. long axon
43
fill in the gaps using the word list The knee- jerk reflex is an example of a reflex arc A stimulus (e,g: hammer) hits the knee. This is detected by sense organs in the ... which convey a message along the ....... ...... This message reaches the ... , where it connects with a ..... ...... This transfers the message to a ..... ...... This carries a message to an ........ which causes the muscle to contract causing the knee to jerk MISSING WORDS: EFFECTOR SENSORY NEURON MOTOR NEURON CNS (CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM) PNS (PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM) RELAY NEURON
The knee- jerk reflex is an example of a reflex arc A stimulus (e,g: hammer) hits the knee. This is detected by sense organs in the PNS which convey a message along the SENSORY NEURON This message reaches the CNS , where it connects with a RELAY NEURON This transfers the message to a MOTOR NEURON This carries a message to an EFFECTOR which causes the muscle to contract causing the knee to jerk
44
define action potential
neuron is activated by stimulus neuron fires and creates an electrical impulse
45
define synapse
gap between neurons that signals are chemically transmitted across
46
define neurotransmitters
chemicals that diffuse across a synapse to the next neuron in the chain
47
what happens once a neurotransmitter chemically diffuses to the next neuron
it is converted back into an electrical impulse
48
why is neurotransmitters having a specific shape important
neurotransmitters have a specific shape that perfectly fits with the postsynaptic receptor site this allows it to have a specific function
49
define summation
action potential of postsynaptic neuron is only triggered if the sum of the excitatory and inhibitory signal at any 1 time reaches the threshold
50
define excitation
neuron becomes more positively charged therefore more likely to fire
51
define inhibitory
neuron becomes more negatively charged less likely to fire

a level approaches (9 decks)

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