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PAPER 2 > BIOPSYCHOLOGY > Flashcards

BIOPSYCHOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 basic assumptions of the biological Approach

A
  • The genes an individual influence there behaviour
  • The CNS is made up of brian and Spinal Cord
  • Chemisty of the body have varying levels of chemicals found in the brain.
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2
Q

What are the 2 systems involved in the Nervous system

A
  • Central Nervous System

- Peripheral Nervous System

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3
Q

How many systems are involved in the nervous system

A

2

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4
Q

What does the Spinal Chord do Within the CNS

A

Spinal Chords transfers messages to the whole body from the brain

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5
Q

What does the PNS do

A

Extends beyond the CNS and transmits messages to the whole body from the brain

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6
Q

How many divisions does the PNS have

A

2

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7
Q

What are the 2 divisions in the PNS

A

Somatic and Autonomic

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8
Q

What is the job of the Somatic System

A

transmit and Receive messages from the senses

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9
Q

What is the job of the Autonomic system

A

Helps transmit and receive information from the organs

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10
Q

What are the 2 divisions wihtin the Autonomic System

A
  • Sympathetic

- Parasympathetic

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11
Q

What does the Sympathetic system do

A

Increases activities

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12
Q

What does the Parasympathetic system do

A

Conserves The Bodies natural activity levels by decreasing activity or maintaining it

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13
Q

What are the types of Neurons

A
  • Sensory
  • Relay
  • Motor
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14
Q

What is the Function of the Sensory Neuron

A

This tells the rest of the Brain about external and internal environments

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15
Q

What is the Function of the Relay Neuron

A

Carry messages from one part of the CNS to another, They Connect motor and sensory neurons.

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16
Q

What is the Function of the Motor Neuron

A

Carry Signals from the CNS which helps glands and muscle function

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17
Q

What is Synaptic Transmission

A

The Process by which nerve impulses are carried across the snynapse

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18
Q

What are synapses

A

Tiny gaps between 2 neurons across which nerve impulses pass

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19
Q

What are Neurotransmitters

A

Chemical Messages containing vesicles in the axon which are used to allow neural communications

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20
Q

What are Excitatory and Inhibitors

A
  • Excitatory increases chance of a neuron firing

- Inhibitory decreases chance of a neuron firing

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21
Q

What is the Localisation of Function

A

The theory that diifernet areas of the brian are responsible for different behaviours, processes or activities.

22
Q

What is Hemispheric Lateralisation

A

The brian divided into two symetrical halves where features are dominates by a paritucular hemisphere

23
Q

how many halves does the brain have

A

2

24
Q

What are the 2 halves called

A

Right and Left Hemisphere

25
Q

What is the outer layer of both hemispheres

A

Cerebal Cortex

26
Q

What is the motor area

A

A region of the frontal Lobe involved in Regulating Movemnt

27
Q

What is the Somatosensory area

A

Parietal Lobe which processes sensory information such as touch

28
Q

What is the Visual Area

A

Occipital lobe that Received and processes visual information

29
Q

What is the Auditory Area

A

Temporal Lobe analysis of speech based information

30
Q

What is the Brocas Area

A

Left Frontal Lobe responsible for speech production

31
Q

What is the Wernickes area

A

left temporal lobe responsible for Language Comprehension

32
Q

What is split brain research.

A

This involves individuals who have had surgical separation of their brain hemispheres, in order to relieve symptoms of epilepsy

33
Q

What are 2 criticisms of Evaluation of Localised Functioning and Hemispheric Lateralisation

A
  • Strength of localisation Theory is that brian scan evidence to support it. e.g., Paterson eta al used brian scans to show activity in Wernickes area=T.S.T Along with more modern there is sound scientific evidence of localised brain functions.
  • Supporting research comes form case studies. E.g., Phineas Gage Received serious brain damage=frontal lobe responsible for regulating mood.
34
Q

What is a counter-criticisms of Evaluation of Localised Functioning and Hemispheric Lateralisation

A

-Neural Plasticity is a challange to Localisation theory. e.g., plasicity is when the brian becomes damaged but other areas of teh brian chip in so the same neurological action achieved.=T.S.T suggesting that localised function is a permanent arrangement is flawed.

35
Q

What is Plasticity

A

The brains Tendancy to change and adapt

36
Q

What is functional Recovery

A

A form of Plasticity, The Brains abillity to redistribute or transfer functions usually performed by a damaged area.

37
Q

How does Brain Plasticity work

A

The Brain recognises and rewires itself by forming a new synaptic connections close to the area of damage

38
Q

What are the 4 Scanning Techniques

A
  • Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging FMRI
  • Electroencephalogram
  • Event-related potentials
  • Post-Mortem examinations
39
Q

How does FMRI work

A

Measures blood flow in the brain using radio waves as brain becomes more active the increase demand for oxygen

40
Q

What are the strengths of FMRI

A
  • Doesnt rely on radioactive racer

- Produces high resolution images accurate to the millimetre

41
Q

What are the limitations of FMRI

A
  • very expensive

- 5 second delay temporal resolution

42
Q

How do ERPs work

A

Use statistical technique to filter out the brain activity

43
Q

What are the strengths of ERPs

A
  • More specific than raw EEG reading

- excellent temporal validity

44
Q

What are the limitations of ERPs

A
  • not standardised

- to be successful all extraneous Interference

45
Q

How does EEG work

A

Measures electrical activity in the brain and elecetrodes are attached to scalp and detect small electrical charges

46
Q

What is a strength of EEG

A
  • useful in detecting brain disorders e.g epilepsy

- hight temporal resolution under 1 millisecond

47
Q

Whats a limitation of EEG

A

Doesnt locate exact area can only roughly guess

48
Q

How does Post-Mortem Examinations work

A

If an individual displays unusual behavior the brain is examined after death.

49
Q

what is a strength of Post-Mortem Examinations

A

-vital during early days when there was no technology

50
Q

what is a Limitation of Post-Mortem Examinations

A
  • Cause and effect is a problem unrelated to behavior

- Informed consent is hard as their kind of dead

51
Q

What are 2 criticisms of evaluation of ways of studying the brain

A
  • Strength of FMRI is that its non-evasive. E.g., FMRI does not rely on the use of radiation=safer. T.S.T provide clearer picture of how brain is localized.
  • ERP more specific such as raw EEG. E.g., ERP excellent temporal resolution in comparison to FMRI=More Precise way of studying the brain
52
Q

What are 2 Counter-criticisms of evaluation of ways of studying the brain

A

-However Causations can be an issue in post-mortems. E.g., Observed damage in the brain may not be linked. T.S.T may be issues truly establishing cause and effect.

PAPER 2 (3 decks)

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