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psychology > biopsychology 1 > Flashcards

biopsychology 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the nervous system?

A

specialised networks of cells that transfer electrical and chemical signals

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2
Q

What are the two main functions of the nervous system?

A

collect process and respond to info in the environment

Coordinate different organs and cells in the body

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3
Q

What are the two subsystems of the nervous system?

A

Central nervous system (CNS)

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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4
Q

What is the CNS made up of?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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5
Q

What are the properties and structure of the brain?

A 
Centre of conscious awareness 
cerebral cortex (outlay) is 3 mm thick
divided into two hemispheres
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6
Q

What are the properties and function of the spinal cord?

A

extension of the brain

passes messages to and from the brain and connects nerves to PNS

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7
Q

what is the function of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

A

sends info to the CNS from the outside world

send messages from CNS to effectors

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8
Q

What are the subsystems of the PNS?

A

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

somatic nervous system (SMS)

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9
Q

what is the function of the ANS?

A

governs vital functions e.g. breathing heart rate digestion stress response
operates involuntary

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10
Q

What is the function of the somatic nervous system?

A

Governs muscle movement and receives info from sensory receptors

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11
Q

What are the subsystems of the autonomic nervous system?

A

sympathetic nervous system parasympathetic nervous system 

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12
Q

What are the biological changes associated with the sympathetic nervous system?

A 
increased heart rate 
increase breathing rate 
Dilated pupils
inhibited digestion 
inhibited saliva production 
contracted rectum
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13
Q

What are the biological changes associated with the parasympathetic nervous system?

A 
decreased heart rate 
decrease breathing rate 
constricted pupils  
stimulated digestion 
stimulating saliva production
relaxed rectum
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14
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

Information system the instruction glands to release hormones directly into the bloodstream
works slower than nervous system
has widespread effects

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15
Q

What are glands?

A

organs that produces hormones

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16
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical messengers that circulate in the bloodstream and affect target organs
Produced in large quantities but disappear quickly

17
Q

What is the master gland?

A

The pituitary gland located in the brain

Controls the release of hormones from all the other endocrine glands

18
Q

what is the flight and fight response?

A

stressor perceived by hypothalamus which activates the pituitary
sympathetic nervous system is aroused
Adrenaline is released from adrenal gland
causes an immediate and automatic response to the threat
Parasympathetic nervous system returns body to resting state

19
Q

What are neurons?

A

Nerve cells that produce and transmit messages through electrical and chemical signals

20
Q

What are the three types of neuron?

A

Sensory relay motor

21
Q

What is the function of a sensory neuron?

A

Carry messages from PNS to CNS

22
Q

What is the function of a relay neuron?

A

Connect sensory and motor neurons

23
Q

What is the function of a motor neuron?

A

Connect CNS to effectors e.g. muscles and glands

24
Q

What is the structure of a sensory neuron?

A

Long dendrite

short axons

25
Q

What is the structure of a relay neuron?

A

Short dendrites

short axons

26
Q

What is the structure of a motor neuron?

A

short dendrites

long axon

27
Q

What is the cell body of a neuron?

A

A.k.a. soma – includes a nucleus which contains genetic material

28
Q

What is a dendrite?

A

Branch like structures that protrude from the cell body

carry nerve impulses from neighbouring neurons towards the cell body

29
Q

What is an ax on?

A

Carry electrical impulses away from the cell body
covered in fatty layer of myelin sheath that protects an insulates axon
Gaps in the axon (node of Ranvier) speeds up transmission of impulse

30
Q

What are terminal buttons?

A

At the end of axon communicate with the next neuron across the synapse

31
Q

What is electrical transmission?

A

when you’re in resting state the inside of the cells are negatively charged
when a neuron is activated the inside of the cell becomes positively charged causing an action potential
This creates an electrical impulse that travels down the axon to the terminal button

32
Q

What is a synapse?

A

the gap between two synapses

33
Q

What is synaptic transmission?

A

The process by which neighbouring neurons communicate with each other by sending chemical messages across the synapse

34
Q

describe synaptic transmission

A

when the electrical impulse reaches the presynaptic terminal binds to synaptic vesicles triggering them to release neurotransmitters into the synapse
The neurotransmitters bind to the postsynaptic receptor site
The chemical message is converted back into an electrical impulse

35
Q

What is excitation?

A

When a neurotransmitter increases the positive charge of the post synaptic neuron increasing the likelihood that the electrical impulse will be passed on

36
Q

What is inhibition?

A

When a neurotransmitter increases the negative charge of the post synaptic neuron decrease in the likelihood that the electrical impulse will be passed on

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