biopsych part 1 ver.2 Flashcards
are the sites within a cell that synthesize new protein molecules. proteins provide building materials for the cell and facilitate chemical reactions
ribosomes
network of membranes inside a cell through which proteins and other molecules move
Endoplasmic reticulum
cells in the brain and spinal cord that allow us to move, speak, swallow and breathe by sending commands from the brain to the muscles that carry out these functions
motor neurons
the nerve cells that are activated by sensory input from the environment
sensory neurons
is a thin fiber of constant
diameter. Conveys an impulse
toward other neurons, an organ, or a muscle.
axon
the ability of the cell membrane to control the flow of substances in and out of the cell.
Selective permeability
a protein complex, repeatedly transports three sodium ions out of the cell while drawing two potassium ions into it
sodium-potassium pump
periodic gap in the insulating sheath (myelin) on the axon of certain neurons that serves to facilitate the rapid conduction of nerve impulses
nodes of Ranvier
the pathway for messages sent by the brain to the body and from the body to the brain. the part of the CNS within the spinal column, it communicated with all the sense organs and muscle except those of the head.
SPINAL CORD
an action that benefits
someone other than the actor.
Altruistic behavior
selection for a gene that benefits
the individual’s relatives. A gene spreads if it
causes you to take great efforts, even risking
your life, to protect your children, because they
share many of your genes, including perhaps a
gene for protecting their own children.
Kin selection
the idea that individuals
help those who will return the favor.
Researchers find that people are prone to help
not only those who helped them but also
people whom they observed helping someone
else.
Reciprocal altruism
production of new cells.
Early in development, the cells lining the
ventricles of the brain divide
Proliferation
Substances that smell give off tiny molecules. Inhaling moves these molecules into your nose. There, special cells (_____)detect these molecules. The receptors relay this information to your brain through your olfactory nerve and allow you to perceive smell
Olfactory receptors
Children of mothers who drink heavily during
pregnancy are born with __________, a condition marked by hyperactivity,
impulsiveness, difficulty maintaining attention,
varying degrees of mental retardation, motor
problems, heart defects, and facial
abnormalities
fetal alcohol
syndrome
