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Approaches and biopsych > Biopsych: Neurons And Synaptic Transmission > Flashcards

Biopsych: Neurons And Synaptic Transmission Flashcards

1
Q

How many neurons are in the nervous system?

A

100 billion

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2
Q

What percentage of neurons are located in the brain?

A

80%

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3
Q

What is the primary function of neurons?

A

Transmit electrical and chemical signals

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4
Q

What are the three types of neurons?

A
  • Sensory neurons
  • Relay neurons
  • Motor neurons
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5
Q

What do sensory neurons do?

A

Carry messages from PNS to CNS

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6
Q

What is the structure of sensory neurons?

A

Long dendrites and short axons

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7
Q

What do relay neurons connect?

A

Connect sensory to motor and other relay neurons

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8
Q

What is the structure of relay neurons?

A

Short dendrites and long axons

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9
Q

What do motor neurons connect?

A

Connect CNS to effectors (muscles and glands)

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10
Q

What is the structure of motor neurons?

A

Short dendrites and long axons

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11
Q

What is the maximum length a neuron can vary?

A

Up to a metre

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12
Q

What is the basic structure of all neurons?

A

Cell body, dendrites, axon, terminal buttons

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13
Q

What does the cell body of a neuron contain?

A

Nucleus with genetic material

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14
Q

What are dendrites and their function?

A

Branches that carry nerve impulses to the cell body

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15
Q

What does the axon do?

A

Carries impulse away from the cell body

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16
Q

What covers the axon?

A

Myelin sheath

17
Q

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

A

Protects axon and speeds up electrical transmission

18
Q

What are nodes of Ranvier?

A

Separate the myelin sheath

19
Q

What are terminal buttons?

A

Communicate with the next neuron

20
Q

Where are motor neuron located?

A

Cell body: In the CNS
Axon: form part of PNS

21
Q

Where are sensory neurons found?

A

In the PNS in clusters (ganglia)

22
Q

Where are most relay neurons found?

A

Within the brain and visual system

23
Q

What is the charge of a neuron in a resting state?

A

Negatively charged

24
Q

What happens when a neuron is activated by a stimulus?

A

Inside becomes positively charged for a split second, causing action potential

25
Q

What does action potential create?

A

An electrical impulse that travels down the neuron

26
Q

What is synaptic transmission?

A

An electrical signal reaches the end of one nerve cell and releases neurotransmitters

27
Q

What are neurotransmitters?

A

Chemicals that carry signals between neurons

28
Q

What happens when neurotransmitters reach the next neuron?

A

Triggers an electrical signal in the next nerve cell

29
Q

How do neurons communicate with each other?

A

In groups (neural network)

30
Q

What are synapses?

A

Tiny gaps that separate neurons

31
Q

What type of transmission occurs WITHIN neurons?

A

Electrical transmission

32
Q

What type of transmission occurs BETWEEN neurons?

A

Chemical transmission

33
Q

What triggers the release of neurotransmitters?

A

An electrical impulse reaching the presynaptic terminal

presynaptic terminal: end of neuron

34
Q

Where are neurotransmitters released from?

A

Tiny sacs called Synaptic Vesicles

35
Q

What effect can neurotransmitters have on neighboring neurons?

A
  • Excitatory effect
  • Inhibitory effect
36
Q

What does the neurotransmitter serotonin cause?

A

Inhibition in the receiving neuron

Leads to a negative charge making it less likely to fire

37
Q

What does the neurotransmitter adrenaline cause?

A

Excitation in the receiving neuron

Leads to a positive charge making it more likely to fire

38
Q

Fill in the blank: Neurotransmitters diffuse across the synapse to the next neuron and are received by _______.

A

[postsynaptic receptor site]

On the dendrite of the next neuron

39
Q

What happens to the chemical message after a neurotransmitter crosses the gap?

A

Converted back into an electrical impulse and the process beings again with the next neuron

Approaches and biopsych (8 decks)

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