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Approaches and biopsych > Biopsych: Nervous And Endocrine System > Flashcards

Biopsych: Nervous And Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the nervous system?

A

A specialised network of cells for internal communication (primary system) based on electrical and chemical signals

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2
Q

What are the primary functions of the nervous system?

A

Collects, processes, and responds to information in the environment; coordinates the working of different cells and organs

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3
Q

Into what two main parts is the nervous system divided?

A
  • Central nervous system
  • Peripheral nervous system
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4
Q

What are the components of the central nervous system?

A
  • Brain
  • Spinal cord
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5
Q

What is the role of the brain in the central nervous system?

A

Center of all conscious awareness

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6
Q

What is the cerebral cortex?

A

An outer layer found in all mammal brains

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7
Q

How is the human brain structured?

A

Divided into 2 hemispheres and highly developed

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8
Q

What is the function of the spinal cord?

A

Extension of the brain that passes messages to and from the brain and connects nerves to the PNS

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9
Q

What are reflex actions?

A

Automatic responses processed by the spinal cord

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10
Q

What does the peripheral nervous system do?

A

Transmits messages through millions of neurons to and from the central nervous system

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11
Q

What are the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

A
  • Autonomic nervous system
  • Somatic nervous system
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12
Q

What is the role of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Controls bodily functions such as breathing, heart rate, digestion, sexual arousal, and stress

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13
Q

What is the function of the somatic nervous system?

A

In charge of muscle movement and receives information from sensory receptors

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14
Q

What is the endocrine system’s relationship with the nervous system?

A

Works alongside the nervous system to control vital functions

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15
Q

How does the speed of the endocrine system compare to the nervous system?

A

Slower than the nervous system, the endocrine system is widespread and has powerful effects

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16
Q

What is the primary role of glands in the endocrine system?

A

Produce hormones secreted into the bloodstream

17
Q

What is the effect of hormones in the body?

A

Affect any cell that has receptors for that type of hormone and often affect cells in more than one organ

18
Q

What hormone does the thyroid gland produce and what are its effects?

A

Thyroxine; increases metabolic rates and affects growth rates

19
Q

What is the function of the pituitary gland?

A

Controls the release of hormones from all other endocrine glands

20
Q

How do the endocrine system and autonomic nervous system work together during stress?

A

Hypothalamus activates the pituitary gland, changing ANS from a parasympathetic (resting) state and activating the sympathetic branch of the ANS

21
Q

What physiological state does the sympathetic branch of the ANS create?

A

Physiologically aroused state

22
Q

What is the role of adrenaline in response to stress?

A

Released from the adernal gland into the bloodstream and triggering physiological changes and arousal needed for the fight or flight response

Happens immediately and automatically after a threat is detected
- Explains why stress, panic or excitement can make us feel sick

23
Q

What happens to the body once a threat has passed?

A

The parasympathetic nervous system returns the body to resting state

24
Q

Fill in the blank: The parasympathetic branch of the ANS works in the _______ way to the sympathetic system.

A

opposite

25
Q

What is the effect of the sympathetic state on heart rate?

A

Increases heart rate

26
Q

What happens to pupils during the sympathetic state?

A

Dilates pupils

27
Q

What is inhibited during the sympathetic state?

A

Inhibits saliva production

28
Q

What is the effect of the parasympathetic state on breathing?

A

Decreases breathing

29
Q

What does the parasympathetic state do to digestion?

A

Stimulates digestion

30
Q

What is relaxed during the parasympathetic state?

A

Relaxes rectum

Approaches and biopsych (8 decks)

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