Bionenergetics

Question 1

bioenergetics explains…

Answer 1

conversion of chemical energy stored in food: carbs, protein, fat molecules, into mechanical biologically usable forms. The energy releases from the breakdown of these molecule chemical bonds

Question 2

Catabolic reaction -

Answer 2

process of the breaking down large molecules into smaller accompanied with the release of energy. Ex. brekdown of Carbs into glucose

Question 3

Anabolic reaction

Answer 3

synthesis of larger molecules from smaller molecules accomplished with using energy released from catabolic reactions. Ex. Formation proteins from amino acids

Question 4

Metabolism

Answer 4

state of the body of constant anabolism and catabolism; is a the total of all the catabolic and anabolic reactions in the body

Question 5

ATP (adenosine phosphate)

Answer 5

high energy molecule; stores lots of energy in its chemical bonds of the two terminal phosphate group; breaking of these bonds releases energy that is used to power muscle activity

Question 6

Energy from catabolic reactions is used to drive anabolic reactions through intermediate molecule of …

Answer 6

ATP; vital element in the muscle growth and movement

Question 7

ATP is composed of

Answer 7

• Adenosine (adenine + ribose) and 3 phosphate groups
  where:
  Adenine - a nitrogen-containing base
  Ribose - a 5-carbon sugar

Question 8

ADP -

AMP -

Answer 8

• adenosine diphosphate, formed by removing one phosphate group;
• adenosine monophosphate, formed by removing second phosphate group

Question 9

ATP is stored in

Answer 9

stored in limited amounts in the cells therefore a producing process to replenish ATP occurs in the cell

Question 10

3 Energy systems

Answer 10

1, Phosphagen system (anaerobic process, occurs without O2)
2, Glycolysis (2 types: fast and slow; both anaerobic)
3, Oxidative system (aerobic and requires O2)

Question 11

which energy source can be metabolised without O2

Answer 11

carbs

Question 12

Phosphagen system

Answer 12

• primary source for ATP for short-term, high-intensity activities (jumping, sprinting)
• is active at the start of all type activities regardless of the intensity (ex, first few sec. of an easy 5K jog)
• the system relies on chemical reactions of ATP and creatine phosphate (both phosphagens), involve the enzymes myosin adenosine phosphate (ATPhase) and creatine kinase.