biomolecules quiz Flashcards

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1
Q

name the 4 macromolecules

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

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2
Q

what elements does carbohydrates have

A

carbon, hydrogine, oxygen

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3
Q

RATIO OF
carbon -> hydrogen -> oxygen in carbohydrates

A

1:2:1

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4
Q

What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?

A

monosaccharide

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5
Q

Name the 2 categories of carbohydrates

A

simple and complex

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6
Q

3 types of carbohydrates found in food

A

sugar, starch, fiber

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7
Q

Sugar is an example of a _________ carbohydrate

A

simple

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8
Q

starch and fiber are examples of ________ carbohydrates

A

complex

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9
Q

organic molecules have in common the presence of

A

carbon and hydrogen

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10
Q

why is carbon important

A
  1. carbon atom is small
  2. carbon can bond to 4 different atoms, allowing variability in shape and size
  3. carbon-carbon bonds are stable, which is a foundation for building larger molecules
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11
Q

function of carbohydrates

A

provide energy and used for structural support

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12
Q

Example of simple carbohydrate

A
  1. added sugar in candy, soda etc.
  2. naturally occurring in fruit and vegetables
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13
Q

Example of complex carbohydrate

A

starches and fiber

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14
Q

Difference between simple and complex carbohydrates

A

Simple get digested quickly and send bursts of glucose into bloodstream.
Complex are digested slowly and give a lower release of glucose into the blood stream.

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15
Q

monomer of lipids

A

glycerol and fatty acids

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16
Q

function of lipids

A

used for long-term energy; others cushion bony parts of the body; important component of the cell membrane

17
Q

2 types of fatty acids

A

saturated and unsaturated

18
Q

Difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids

A

Saturated lack double bonds between each carbon atom and usually are solid at room temp.

Unsaturated have at least one double bond in the fatty acid chain, and is usually a liquid at room temperature

19
Q

Which macromolecule is the most common component in cellular membranes?

A

lipids

20
Q

Examples of lipids

A

fats, oil, waxes

21
Q

Monomer of proteins

A

amino acids

22
Q

How many amino acids are there?

A

20

23
Q

function of proteins

A

carry out most cellular processes; other proteins perform structural roles

24
Q

What is the difference between cis and trans fatty acids?

A

Cis have H’s on same side of double bond. bending the same of the molecule. Trans have H’s on opposite sides of the double bond. This results in an overall linear shape.

25
Q

What part of the amino acid determines the unique properties of each amino acid, and thus the protein?

A

r group

26
Q

What are the 3 distinct regions of amino acids?

A

amine group, R group, and carboxyl group

27
Q

Type of bonds that form proteins

A

peptide bonds

28
Q

4 types of protein structures

A

primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

29
Q

Describe the primary structure of a protein

A

sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chain; the sequence is determine by the DNA of the gene that encodes the protein

30
Q

How are the 4 levels of protein structure distinguished from one another?

A

degree of complexity in the polypeptide chain

31
Q

Describe the secondary structure of a protein

A

Locally folded polypeptide chain into alpha-helices or beta-sheets. Repeating conformation in a protein; interactions of backbone of amino acid (everything but the R group)

32
Q

Describe the tertiary structure of a protein

A

The over all 3D shape and structure of proteins; interactions of R groups

33
Q

Describe the quaternary structure of a protein

A

Proteins that contain two or more polypeptide chains

34
Q

nucleic acid monomer

A

nucleotide

35
Q

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

A

sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base

36
Q

Example of nucleic acid

A

DNA and RNA

37
Q

function of DNA

A

stores genetic information

38
Q

Differences between DNA and RNA

A

DNA has deoxyribose, thymine, and is double-stranded. RNA has ribose, uracil, and is single-stranded