biomolecules quiz

Question 1

name the 4 macromolecules

Answer 1

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 2

what elements does carbohydrates have

Answer 2

carbon, hydrogine, oxygen

Question 3

RATIO OF
carbon -> hydrogen -> oxygen in carbohydrates

Answer 3

1:2:1

Question 4

What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?

Answer 4

monosaccharide

Question 5

Name the 2 categories of carbohydrates

Answer 5

simple and complex

Question 6

3 types of carbohydrates found in food

Answer 6

sugar, starch, fiber

Question 7

Sugar is an example of a _________ carbohydrate

Answer 7

simple

Question 8

starch and fiber are examples of ________ carbohydrates

Answer 8

complex

Question 9

organic molecules have in common the presence of

Answer 9

carbon and hydrogen

Question 10

why is carbon important

Answer 10

1. carbon atom is small
2. carbon can bond to 4 different atoms, allowing variability in shape and size
3. carbon-carbon bonds are stable, which is a foundation for building larger molecules

Question 11

function of carbohydrates

Answer 11

provide energy and used for structural support

Question 12

Example of simple carbohydrate

Answer 12

1. added sugar in candy, soda etc.
2. naturally occurring in fruit and vegetables

Question 13

Example of complex carbohydrate

Answer 13

starches and fiber

Question 14

Difference between simple and complex carbohydrates

Answer 14

Simple get digested quickly and send bursts of glucose into bloodstream.
Complex are digested slowly and give a lower release of glucose into the blood stream.

Question 15

monomer of lipids

Answer 15

glycerol and fatty acids

Question 16

function of lipids

Answer 16

used for long-term energy; others cushion bony parts of the body; important component of the cell membrane

Question 17

2 types of fatty acids

Answer 17

saturated and unsaturated

Question 18

Difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 18

Saturated lack double bonds between each carbon atom and usually are solid at room temp.

Unsaturated have at least one double bond in the fatty acid chain, and is usually a liquid at room temperature

Question 19

Which macromolecule is the most common component in cellular membranes?

Answer 19

lipids

Question 20

Examples of lipids

Answer 20

fats, oil, waxes

Question 21

Monomer of proteins

Answer 21

amino acids

Question 22

How many amino acids are there?

Answer 22

20

Question 23

function of proteins

Answer 23

carry out most cellular processes; other proteins perform structural roles

Question 24

What is the difference between cis and trans fatty acids?

Answer 24

Cis have H’s on same side of double bond. bending the same of the molecule. Trans have H’s on opposite sides of the double bond. This results in an overall linear shape.

Question 25

What part of the amino acid determines the unique properties of each amino acid, and thus the protein?

Answer 25

r group

Question 26

What are the 3 distinct regions of amino acids?

Answer 26

amine group, R group, and carboxyl group

Question 27

Type of bonds that form proteins

Answer 27

peptide bonds

Question 28

4 types of protein structures

Answer 28

primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

Question 29

Describe the primary structure of a protein

Answer 29

sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chain; the sequence is determine by the DNA of the gene that encodes the protein

Question 30

How are the 4 levels of protein structure distinguished from one another?

Answer 30

degree of complexity in the polypeptide chain

Question 31

Describe the secondary structure of a protein

Answer 31

Locally folded polypeptide chain into alpha-helices or beta-sheets. Repeating conformation in a protein; interactions of backbone of amino acid (everything but the R group)

Question 32

Describe the tertiary structure of a protein

Answer 32

The over all 3D shape and structure of proteins; interactions of R groups

Question 33

Describe the quaternary structure of a protein

Answer 33

Proteins that contain two or more polypeptide chains

Question 34

nucleic acid monomer

Answer 34

nucleotide

Question 35

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

Answer 35

sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base

Question 36

Example of nucleic acid

Answer 36

DNA and RNA

Question 37

function of DNA

Answer 37

stores genetic information

Question 38

Differences between DNA and RNA

Answer 38

DNA has deoxyribose, thymine, and is double-stranded. RNA has ribose, uracil, and is single-stranded