Biomolecules And Glucose Metabolism Flashcards
Macronutrients
Provide structural material and generate energy
Glycolysis process
Glucose is degraded to yield 2 molecules of the 3c pyrivate
Preparatory phase
Glucose Is phosphorylated at the hydroxyl group on C6
Converted to fructose 6- phosphate
Phosphorylated to fructose 1,6- biphosphate
Split to form 2 different 3C
Pay off phase
Each molecule of G3P is oxidised and phosphorylated by inorganic phosphate to form 1,3-biphosphoglycerate
Energy is then released as the two molecules are converted to two molecules of pyruvate
What happens to pyruvate under aerobic conditions
Oxidised to acetyl-CoA which enters the citric acid cycle
What happens to pyruvate under anaerobic conditions
Lactic acid fermentation= pyruvate reduced to lactate
Ethanol fermentation= pyruvate catabolised to ethanol and co2
Metabolic acidosis
Lactate produced in large quantities during vigorous muscle contraction and the acidification of the blood limits period of vigorous activity
Causes pain And fatigue and soreness
Gluconeogenesis
New formation of sugar
Converts pyruvate to glucose
Where does gluconeogenesis happen
Liver
When is gluconeogenesis activated
Fats are available as fuels
Breakdown in the mitochondria yields acetyl- coA
Activates gluconeogenesis
Why cannot gluconeogenesis and glycolysis happen at the same time
Consumer ATP without accomplishing any work
Wasted energy
What is glycogen stored as
Cytosolic granules called B-granules
Which enzymes helps glucose units of glycogen enter the glycolytic pathway
1) glycogen phosphorylase (glucose to G1P)
2) glycogen debranching enzyme
3) phosphoglucomutase (G1P-G6P)
What does epinephrine do during vigorous muscular activity
Triggers phosphorylation of phosphorylase b to its active from a
Stimulates glycogen breakdown and glycolysis
Provides atp for contraction
What does glucagon stimulate
Phosphorylase b to a
Stimulates glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis while blocking glycolysis
