Biomolecules/ Amino Acids

Question 1

10 non polar aa

Answer 1

1. Proline
2. Glycine
3. Valine
4. Methionine
5. Tryptophan W
6. Cysteine
7. Alanine
8. Phenylalanine
9. Leucine
10. Isoleucine (ile)

Question 2

Polar aa

+ve, -ve and uncharged R groups

Answer 2

• ve
  1. Glutamic acid E
  2. Aspartic acid D

+ve

1. Histidine
2. Arginine
3. Lysine K

Uncharged

1. Tyrosine
2. Threonine
3. Serine
4. Asparagine N
5. Glutamine Q

Question 3

2 triose sugars

Answer 3

Glyceraldehyde

Dihydroxyacetone

Question 4

Aldoses vs ketoses

Answer 4

Aldoses have H, so H-C=O (typically at the end of a carbon backbone)
Ketoses have a keto group per molecule, c=O

Question 5

What’s an anomeric carbon

Answer 5

Carbon attached to carbonyl group in cyclic form

Question 6

Alpha vs beta forms of glucose

Answer 6

Alpha: OH faces down
Beta: OH faces up

Question 7

Enzyme catalysing formation of glycosidic bonds

Answer 7

Glycosyltransferase

Question 8

Another name for maltose

Answer 8

GLUcosyl-alpha(1->4)-glucose

Question 9

Enzyme that mobilises glycogen in the liver. What’s the product?

Answer 9

Glycogen phosphorylase. Glucose-❗️1❗️-phosphate

Question 10

What are triaglycerols

Answer 10

Ester of 3FA + glycerol

Question 11

What are alipathic compounds

Answer 11

Organic compounds of carbon and hydrogen in straight chains/branched chains or non aromatic rains

Question 12

Examples of saturated, unsaturated and polyunsaturated FA

Answer 12

Saturated: stearic acid 18:0
Unsaturated: oleic acid 18:1
Polyunsaturated: linoleic acid 18:2

Question 13

What’s a glycolipid made of

Answer 13

Carb+glycerol+2FA

Question 14

Essential aa

Answer 14

1. Threonine
2. Histidine
3. Lysine
4. Methionine
5. Valine
6. Leucine
7. Isoleucine
8. Phenylalanine
9. Tryptophan

Question 15

PKU

Answer 15

Defective phenyalanine hydroxylase (breaks down phenylalanine to tyrosine)

REDUCED tyrosine -> reduced dopamine and melanin production

Increased phenylalanine by-products eg PHENYLACETATE