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biomolecules Flashcards

1
Q

carbohydrates

A

otically active polyhydroxy ald or kets

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2
Q

monosaccharide and examples

A

a carb that cant be hydrolysed further

fructose and ribose and glucose

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3
Q

oliogosaccharides

A

carbs that yiedl 2- 10 monosaccarides on hydrolysis

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4
Q

=

examples of disacharides

A

sucrose - alpha -D- glucose and beta - D- FRUCTOSE
maltose - 2 alpha - D - glucose
lactose - B -D- galactose an dB -D -glucose

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5
Q

polysacc

non sugars

A

starch
glycogen
cellulose and gum

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6
Q

reducing sugars

A

reduce tollens an dfehlings reagent
aldose an dketose

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7
Q

glusoce is an aldohexose
and is a monomer of ?

A

dextrose
monomer of starch, cellulose

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8
Q

what does it suggest
when glucose is prolonged heated with H-I

A

N- HEXANE AN DALL C ATOMS ARE ARRANGED IN A STRAIGHT CHAIN

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9
Q

GLUCOSE react with hydroxyl amine to form oxime and hydrogen cyanide to form cyanohydrin
what does it suggest

A

confirms the presesnce of CARBONYL grp

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10
Q

on reacting glucose with mild oxi agent like bromine water
six carbon carboxylic acid(gluconic acid ) is formed what does it suggest

A

carbobyl grp is ALDEHYDE

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11
Q

WHAT CONFIRMS THe presence of 5- OH grp of glucose

A

acetylation of glucose with acetic anhydride

since it is a stable grp 5-oh should be attached to different carbon

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12
Q

what does it suggest whe glucose and gluconic on oxidation with nitric acid yielded a dicarboxylic acid called saccharic acid

A

presence of 1o alcoholic gep

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13
Q

why was the structure concluded as cyclic structe and what were th ebehavoirs not explained vby open chain strucrewr

A
  1. glucose doent react with schiff test and doesnt forn hydrogen sulphite addition product wuth NaHSO3
  2. PENTACETATE doent react with hydroxylamine indicate absense of free-CHO GRP
  3. GLUCOSE IS found to exist in 2 forms
    * alpha form- is obtained by crystallisation form concsoln of glucose
    * beta- is obtained by crystallisation from hot and saturated soln of glucose
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14
Q

frustose ie what hexose

A

ketohexose

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15
Q

glycosidic linkage

A

the 2 monosaccharides joined together by an oxide linkage formed by loss of water

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16
Q

non reducing sugar

A

aldehydic or ketonic groups are bonded
e.h: sucrose

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17
Q

reducing

A

the functutional groups are free
e.g : maltose and lactose

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18
Q

SUCROSE
1. the glycosidic linkage is btwne:
2.products of hydrolysis
3.is what rotatory

non - reducing

A
  1. C1 of alpha-D-glucose and C2 of B-D-fructose
  2. a-D-glucose and B-D-fruct
  3. dextrorotaroty
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19
Q

MALTOSE
1. the glycosidic linkage is btwne:
2.products of hydrolysis

reducing suger

A
  1. C1 of 1 GLUCOSE TO C4 OF another glucose
  2. 2 a-D-GLUCOSE
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20
Q

LACTOSE
1. the glycosidic linkage is btwne:
2.products of hydrolysis

REDUCING

milk sugar

A
  1. C1 of galactose and C2 of glucose
  2. B - D- galatose and B-D-glucose
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21
Q

invert sugar

A

the hydrolysis og sucrose brings about a change in the sign of rotatuon from dextro to laeveo
suc- dex an don hydrolysis the products formed are dextro gluxose and laevo fructose

22
Q

STARCH
1. what are th e2 comp
2. main storage polysaccharide of -

A
  1. amylosde and amylopectin
  2. plants
23
Q
  1. amylose is held together by glycosidic linkage bten
  2. content of stach

water soluble

A
  1. C1 and C4 of 200- 1000a-D-(+) glucose
  2. 15- 20%
24
Q

amylopectin
1. stacrch content
2. poly mer of
3. chain is formed
4. branching occurs

A
  1. 80-85%
  2. a-D-glucose
  3. C1- C4
  4. C1 and C5
25
cellulose 1. constituent of 2. composed of 3. glycosidic linkage btwn
1. cell wall and plant cell 2. B-D-glucose 3. C1 adn C4
26
**glycogen** 1. whatis its anothern ame 2. present 3. enzyme break glycogen to 4. structure similar to but mor brancehed
1. animal starch 2. liver, mucsles and brain also in fungi an dyeat 3. glucose 4. amylopectin
27
protein is polymer of
alpha amino acids
28
essential amino acids
the amino acis that are not synthesised by th ebody lysine a dn valine an dleucine
29
which a amino acid is not optically actibe
glycine
30
peptide linkage
amide formed bten -COOH nad -NH2 BY ELIMINATION OG H20
31
PROTEIN
polypeptide with more than 100 amino acid residues and have molecular mass higher than 10,000u
32
insulin contain how many amino acid
51
33
# **fibrous proten** 1. bonds 2. examples 3. solubilty
1. hydrogen and disulphide 2. keratin an dmyosin 3. insoluble in water
34
35
# **globular proten** 2. examples 3. solubilty
1. insulin and albumin 2. highly soluble
36
the main forces which stabilise the 2 an d3 structure of proten are
1. hydrogen bond 2. disulphide linkage 3. van der waals 4. electrostatic forces of attactiojn
37
native protein
protein found in biological system with a unique 3 dimensional structute and biological activity
38
fat soluble VITAMINS
A D E K
39
WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS
C AND B
40
water soluble vtamin stored in our body
b12
41
source and deficiency diseases of ** vit. A** ## Footnote sources : fish liver oil, carrots adn mlik
xerophthalmia(hardening of cornea) and nightblinbess sources: fish liver oil, milk, butter, carrot
42
source and deficiency diseases of **vit. b1** | thiam9ine
sor: milk, grren veg abd cereals beri beri - loss of apetite and retarded growth
43
source and deficiency diseases of **vit B2** | riboflavin
cheilosis sor: milk, eggwhite liver an dkidney
44
source and deficiency diseases of **b6** ## Footnote pyriodixine
convulsion sor: yeast milk egg yolk and cereals
45
source and deficiency diseases of **b12**
pernicious anemeia sor: meat fish egg and curd
46
source and deficiency diseases of **c**
scurvy sor: cirtus fruit
47
source and deficiency diseases of **d**
rickets adn osteomalacia sor: exposure to sunlight and fish an deg gyolk
48
source and deficiency diseases of **e**
increases fragility of RBC an dmuscualr weakness sor: veg oil
49
source and deficiency diseases of **k**
increased blood clotting sor: grren leafy veg
50
sugar moeity in DNA AND RNA
* DNA- B-D-2-DEOXYRIBOSE * RNA- B-D- RIBOSE
51
NUCLEOSIDE
BASE ATTACHED TO 1' POST OF SUGAR
52
NUCLEOTIDE
NUCLEOTIDE IS LINKED TO PHOSPHORIC ACID AT 5' POST

Chemistry (9 decks)

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