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biomolecules Flashcards

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1
Q

carbohydrates

A

otically active polyhydroxy ald or kets

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2
Q

monosaccharide and examples

A

a carb that cant be hydrolysed further

fructose and ribose and glucose

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3
Q

oliogosaccharides

A

carbs that yiedl 2- 10 monosaccarides on hydrolysis

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4
Q

=

examples of disacharides

A

sucrose - alpha -D- glucose and beta - D- FRUCTOSE
maltose - 2 alpha - D - glucose
lactose - B -D- galactose an dB -D -glucose

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5
Q

polysacc

non sugars

A

starch
glycogen
cellulose and gum

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6
Q

reducing sugars

A

reduce tollens an dfehlings reagent
aldose an dketose

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7
Q

glusoce is an aldohexose
and is a monomer of ?

A

dextrose
monomer of starch, cellulose

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8
Q

what does it suggest
when glucose is prolonged heated with H-I

A

N- HEXANE AN DALL C ATOMS ARE ARRANGED IN A STRAIGHT CHAIN

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9
Q

GLUCOSE react with hydroxyl amine to form oxime and hydrogen cyanide to form cyanohydrin
what does it suggest

A

confirms the presesnce of CARBONYL grp

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10
Q

on reacting glucose with mild oxi agent like bromine water
six carbon carboxylic acid(gluconic acid ) is formed what does it suggest

A

carbobyl grp is ALDEHYDE

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11
Q

WHAT CONFIRMS THe presence of 5- OH grp of glucose

A

acetylation of glucose with acetic anhydride

since it is a stable grp 5-oh should be attached to different carbon

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12
Q

what does it suggest whe glucose and gluconic on oxidation with nitric acid yielded a dicarboxylic acid called saccharic acid

A

presence of 1o alcoholic gep

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13
Q

why was the structure concluded as cyclic structe and what were th ebehavoirs not explained vby open chain strucrewr

A
  1. glucose doent react with schiff test and doesnt forn hydrogen sulphite addition product wuth NaHSO3
  2. PENTACETATE doent react with hydroxylamine indicate absense of free-CHO GRP
  3. GLUCOSE IS found to exist in 2 forms
    * alpha form- is obtained by crystallisation form concsoln of glucose
    * beta- is obtained by crystallisation from hot and saturated soln of glucose
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14
Q

frustose ie what hexose

A

ketohexose

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15
Q

glycosidic linkage

A

the 2 monosaccharides joined together by an oxide linkage formed by loss of water

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16
Q

non reducing sugar

A

aldehydic or ketonic groups are bonded
e.h: sucrose

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17
Q

reducing

A

the functutional groups are free
e.g : maltose and lactose

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18
Q

SUCROSE
1. the glycosidic linkage is btwne:
2.products of hydrolysis
3.is what rotatory

non - reducing

A
  1. C1 of alpha-D-glucose and C2 of B-D-fructose
  2. a-D-glucose and B-D-fruct
  3. dextrorotaroty
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19
Q

MALTOSE
1. the glycosidic linkage is btwne:
2.products of hydrolysis

reducing suger

A
  1. C1 of 1 GLUCOSE TO C4 OF another glucose
  2. 2 a-D-GLUCOSE
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20
Q

LACTOSE
1. the glycosidic linkage is btwne:
2.products of hydrolysis

REDUCING

milk sugar

A
  1. C1 of galactose and C2 of glucose
  2. B - D- galatose and B-D-glucose
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21
Q

invert sugar

A

the hydrolysis og sucrose brings about a change in the sign of rotatuon from dextro to laeveo
suc- dex an don hydrolysis the products formed are dextro gluxose and laevo fructose

22
Q

STARCH
1. what are th e2 comp
2. main storage polysaccharide of -

A
  1. amylosde and amylopectin
  2. plants
23
Q
  1. amylose is held together by glycosidic linkage bten
  2. content of stach

water soluble

A
  1. C1 and C4 of 200- 1000a-D-(+) glucose
  2. 15- 20%
24
Q

amylopectin
1. stacrch content
2. poly mer of
3. chain is formed
4. branching occurs

A
  1. 80-85%
  2. a-D-glucose
  3. C1- C4
  4. C1 and C5
25
Q

cellulose
1. constituent of
2. composed of
3. glycosidic linkage btwn

A
  1. cell wall and plant cell
  2. B-D-glucose
  3. C1 adn C4
26
Q

glycogen
1. whatis its anothern ame
2. present
3. enzyme break glycogen to
4. structure similar to but mor brancehed

A
  1. animal starch
  2. liver, mucsles and brain also in fungi an dyeat
  3. glucose
  4. amylopectin
27
Q

protein is polymer of

A

alpha amino acids

28
Q

essential amino acids

A

the amino acis that are not synthesised by th ebody
lysine a dn valine an dleucine

29
Q

which a amino acid is not optically actibe

A

glycine

30
Q

peptide linkage

A

amide formed bten -COOH nad -NH2 BY ELIMINATION OG H20

31
Q

PROTEIN

A

polypeptide with more than 100 amino acid residues
and have molecular mass higher than 10,000u

32
Q

insulin contain how many amino acid

A

51

33
Q

fibrous proten

  1. bonds
  2. examples
  3. solubilty
A
  1. hydrogen and disulphide
  2. keratin an dmyosin
  3. insoluble in water
34
Q
A
35
Q

globular proten

  1. examples
  2. solubilty
A
  1. insulin and albumin
  2. highly soluble
36
Q

the main forces which stabilise the 2 an d3 structure of proten are

A
  1. hydrogen bond
  2. disulphide linkage
  3. van der waals
  4. electrostatic forces of attactiojn
37
Q

native protein

A

protein found in biological system with a unique 3 dimensional structute
and biological activity

38
Q

fat soluble VITAMINS

A

A D E K

39
Q

WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS

A

C AND B

40
Q

water soluble vtamin stored in our body

A

b12

41
Q

source and deficiency diseases of
** vit. A**

sources : fish liver oil, carrots adn mlik

A

xerophthalmia(hardening of cornea) and nightblinbess

sources: fish liver oil, milk, butter, carrot

42
Q

source and deficiency diseases of
vit. b1

thiam9ine

A

sor: milk, grren veg abd cereals
beri beri - loss of apetite and retarded growth

43
Q

source and deficiency diseases of
vit B2

riboflavin

A

cheilosis
sor: milk, eggwhite liver an dkidney

44
Q

source and deficiency diseases of
b6

pyriodixine

A

convulsion
sor: yeast milk egg yolk and cereals

45
Q

source and deficiency diseases of
b12

A

pernicious anemeia
sor: meat fish egg and curd

46
Q

source and deficiency diseases of
c

A

scurvy
sor: cirtus fruit

47
Q

source and deficiency diseases of
d

A

rickets adn osteomalacia
sor: exposure to sunlight and fish an deg gyolk

48
Q

source and deficiency diseases of
e

A

increases fragility of RBC an dmuscualr weakness
sor: veg oil

49
Q

source and deficiency diseases of
k

A

increased blood clotting
sor: grren leafy veg

50
Q

sugar moeity in DNA AND RNA

A
  • DNA- B-D-2-DEOXYRIBOSE
  • RNA- B-D- RIBOSE
51
Q

NUCLEOSIDE

A

BASE ATTACHED TO 1’ POST OF SUGAR

52
Q

NUCLEOTIDE

A

NUCLEOTIDE IS LINKED TO PHOSPHORIC ACID AT 5’ POST

Chemistry (9 decks)

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