Biomolecules

Question 1

What is an atom?

Answer 1

The smallest unit of matter.
It’s composed of neutrons (neutral), protons (positive), and electrons (negative).

Question 2

What is a molecule?

Answer 2

Atom bonds with other atoms.

Question 3

Name the 3 types of molecules and their characteristics.

Answer 3

Polar- neither positive or negative on one side, hydrophilic.
Non polar- positive or negative poles, hydrophobic.
Amphipathic- special case with a hydrophilic and hydrophobic part.

Question 4

What is the function of carbohydrates?

Answer 4

Energy source, structural component, store food.

Question 5

What is the monomer of carbohydrates?

Answer 5

Monosaccharides.

Question 6

Examples of carbohydrates and elements

Answer 6

Starch, cellulose.
C, H, O.

Question 7

Name the functions of proteins

Answer 7

Enzyme, structure movement, defense hormones, builds, maintains and replaces the tissues in your body.

Question 8

Examples and elements of proteins

Answer 8

Insulin, collagen, eggs, meat and milk.
C, H, O, N, S.

Question 9

What are the functions of nucleic acids

Answer 9

They store genetic information.

Question 10

What are the monomers of proteins?

Answer 10

Amino acids.

Question 11

Examples and elements of nucleic acids.

Answer 11

DNA and RNA.
C, H, O, N, P.

Question 12

What are the monomers of nucleic acids.

Answer 12

Nucleotides.

Question 13

Name the functions of lipids.

Answer 13

Energy source, insulation, membrane components, hormones.
It’s part of the cell membrane.

Question 14

Examples and elements of lipids.

Answer 14

Fats, oils, waxes.
C, H, O.

Question 15

What are the monomers of lipids?

Answer 15

Fatty acids.

Question 16

What are the nucleotide components?

Answer 16

Nitrogenous base: cytosine, adenine, guanine, thiamine or uracil

Sugar molecule: (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA)

And a phosphate group.

Question 17

Which are the 3 types or RNA?

Answer 17

mRNA: messenger, it transfers genetic materials to ribosomes and passing on the instructions for the type of proteins needed in the body.

rRNA: ribosomal, it’s part of the ribosome.

tRNA: transfer, it’s responsible for choosing the correct protein or amino acids needed in the body. It also forms a link between the messenger RNA and the production of new proteins.

Question 18

What is the difference between transcription and translation?

Answer 18

Transcription is when a piece of DNA is copied into mRNA.

Translation is when mRNA binds to and passes through the ribosomes that are formed by the rRNA. Then the tRNA translates the amino acids to form a protein polymer. When a new protein is completed, it is released from the ribosome.

Question 19

What are genes?

Answer 19

Genes function as instructions for the formation of proteins.