Biomolecules Flashcards
1
Q
What are the features of fatty acids?
A
- Hydrophobic carbon chain and hydrophilic carboxyl group
- Saturated (only single bonds) or unsaturated (presence of C=C double bonds)
2
Q
What are the features of triglycerides?
A
- Three fatty acids + one glycerol
- Ester linkages formed by condensation reaction
3
Q
What are the features of phospholipids?
A
- One glycerol + two fatty acid chains + phosphate group
- Amphipathic molecule
4
Q
What are the features of steroids?
A
- Three six membered rings and one five membered ring
- Component of cell membrane
5
Q
What are the functions of lipids?
A
- Produce and long-term store of energy
- Membrane components
- Insulation and protection
6
Q
Features of monosaccharides
A
- 3,5,6 carbon ring structure
- Galactose, Fructose and Glucose
7
Q
Difference between alpha glucose and beta glucose
A
- Alpha -> CH2OH group and 1’ Carbon OH group are on different sides
- Beta -> CH2OH group and 1’ Carbon OH group are on the same side
- Makes different polymers
8
Q
Features of disaccharides
A
- Two monosaccharides with a glycosidic linkage joined by condensation reaction
- Maltose -> Glucose + Glucose
- Lactose -> Galactose + Glucose
- Fructose -> Glucose + Sucrose
9
Q
Adaptations of glycogen
A
- Highly branched with many ends -> faster hydrolysis to produce glucose
- Compact and helical -> more glucose units per unit volume
- Large molecule -> stores many glucose units
10
Q
Function of carbohydrates
A
- Store and transport energy (Glycogen, Amylose, Amylopectin)
- Structural molecules (Cellulose)
11
Q
nuceleotide monomers
A
Made up of pentose sugar, nitrogenous base and phosphate group
12
Q
Features of DNA monomer
A
- Deoxyribose sugar with hydrogen atom at 2’ Carbon
- 4 nitrogenous bases -> pyrimidines cytosine and THYMINE, purines adenine and guanine
13
Q
Features of RNA
A
- Ribose sugar with hydroxyl group at 2’ Carbon
- 4 nitrogenous bases -> pyrimidines cytosine and URACIL, purines adenine and guanine
14
Q
What are the complementary base pairings of nitrogenous bases?
A
- Thymine/Uracil with two hydrogen bonds to Adenine
- Cytosine with two hydrogen bonds to Guanine
15
Q
Which nitrogenous bases are pyrimidines and which are purines
A
- Single ring pyrimidines -> Cytosine, Uracil, Thymine
- Double ring purines -> Adenine, Guanine