biomolecules Flashcards

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1
Q

4 main types

A

carbohydrate
lipids
proteins
vitamins

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2
Q

most common elements

A

carbon
oxygen
hydrogen
nitrogen
phosphorus
sulfur

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3
Q

5 elements dissolved in salts

A

sodium
magnesium
chlorine
potassium
calcium

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4
Q

trace elements

A

iron
zinc
copper

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5
Q

carbohydrates
contain:

A

carbon
hrydrogen
oxygen

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6
Q

carbohydrates
ratio:

A

Cx(H2O)y

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7
Q

function

A

structural-forms cell walls
metabolic-glucose gives energy in respiration, glycogen stores energy in animals, starch stores energy in plants

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8
Q

3 categories
monosaccharides

A

1 sugar unit-glucose, fructose, ribosome

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9
Q

disaccharides

A

2 sugar units joined together
maltose sucrose
soluble in water

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10
Q

polysaccharides

A

many sugar units joined together
starch cellulose glycogen
not sweet not soluble in water

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11
Q

how to test for carbohydrates

A

starch: idonine🔴/🟡->🔵/⚫️
reducing sugar:benedicts solution
🔵->🔴

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12
Q

proteins
structure:

A

contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,nitrogen

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13
Q

sources

A

🥩🐟🍳🥛peas🫘

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14
Q

functions:
structure…

A

keratin found in hair and skins💇🏻‍♀️
myosin found in muscles💪🏼

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15
Q

metabolic

A

enzymes control reactions

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16
Q

test for proteins

A

biuret test: sodium hydroxide, copper sulfates
🔵->🟣

17
Q

lipids contain

A

carbon hydrogen and oxygen
(fats and oils)

18
Q

basic unit

A

triglyceride- composed of a single glycerol to which 3 fatty acids are attached

19
Q

phospholipids

A

fatty substance in which a phosphate group replaced one of the fatty acid groups

20
Q

test for lipids🟤

A

brown paper, if it goes translucent fat is present

21
Q

viatamins:water soluble💧

A

vitamin C

22
Q

water soluble:💧 sources

A

fruit🍋🍊lime

23
Q

water soluble:uses💧

A

beeded to form skin gums cartilage ligaments blood vessels🩸

24
Q

vitamin water doluble:deficieny💧

A

scurvy

25
Q

: fat soluble

A

vitamin D

26
Q

fat : sources

A

liver 🐟 oils 🥛VV Rays in 🌞

27
Q

fat soluble use

A

absorb calcium from our intestines into the blood🩸

28
Q

fat soluble deficiency

A

rickets in children osteomalacia in adults

29
Q

minerals:plants🌱

A

calcium holds walls together
magnesium used to make green pigment chlorophyll🟢

30
Q

minerals animals🐾

A

calcium forms bones+teeth 🦴
iron forms pigment haemoglobin in red blood cells 🩸

31
Q

importance of water in living things💧

A

major component of cytoplasm+body fluids
good solvent-allows many cell reaction to take place
key role in chemical reactions

32
Q

anabolic reactions

A

make larger molecules from smaller ones
requires energy
photosynthesis

33
Q

catabolic reactions

A

break down larger molecules to form smaller ones