Biomolecular

Question 1

These are large molecules that are important components of living systems. Performing a variety of functions, they are vital to sustaining life.

Answer 1

Biological macromolecules

Question 2

Who coined the term “Macromolecule”?

Answer 2

Nobel Laureate Hermann Staudinger

Question 3

He was a German organic chemist who demonstrated the existence of macromolecules, which he characterized as polymers.

Answer 3

Nobel Laureate Hermann Staudinger

Question 4

Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

1:2:1 ratio

Answer 4

Carbohydrates AKA Saccharides

Question 5

Energy production through GLYCOLYSIS

Answer 5

CARBOHYDRATES

Question 6

Energy storage as glycogen in animals and starch in plants

Answer 6

CARBOHYDRATES

Question 7

Structural component of plants “___________” and in animals as “______”

Answer 7

CARBOHYDRATES - cellulose , chitin

Question 8

“mono” means one; single carbohydrate molecule.

E.g. Glucose, Fructose, Galactose.

Answer 8

Monosaccharides

Question 9

Two chemically bound monosaccharides.

E.g. Sucrose(Glucose-Fructose) Lactose(Galactose-Glucose)

Answer 9

Disaccharides

Question 10

multiple number of monosaccharides.

E.g. Starch, and Glycogen

Answer 10

Polysaccharides

Question 11

Macromolecules made primarily of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen

Answer 11

Proteins

Question 12

Its basic sub-unit is Amino acid

Answer 12

Proteins

Question 13

It could also be a hormones

Answer 13

Proteins

Question 14

The sequence and the number of amino acids ultimately determine the protein’s shape, size, and function.

Answer 14

Peptide Bonds

Question 15

The resulting chain of amino acids is called a polypeptide chain. Each polypeptide has a free amino group at one end.

Answer 15

Polypeptide Chains

Question 16

Sequence of a chain of amino acids

Answer 16

Primary Protein Structure

Question 17

Hydrogen bonding of the peptide backbone causes the amino acids to fold into a repeating pattern

Answer 17

Secondary Protein Structure

Question 18

Three dimensional folding pattern of a protein due to side chain interactions

Answer 18

Tertiary protein structure

Question 19

Protein consisting of more than one amino acid chain

Answer 19

Quaternary Protein Structure

Question 20

are the substances that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents but are usually insoluble in water such as fats.

Answer 20

Lipids

Question 21

These are nonpolar lipids that plants and animals use for protection and have many functions
in society.

Answer 21

waxes

Question 22

These are amphipathic molecules that make up the bilayer of the plasma membrane and keep the membrane fluid.

Answer 22

Phospolipids

Question 23

it play roles in reproduction, absorption, metabolism regulation, and brain activity.

Answer 23

Steroids

Question 24

is the most common steroid and is mainly synthesized in the liver; it is the precursor to vitamin D.

Answer 24

Cholesterol

Question 25

It is a long chainlike molecules composed of a series of nearly identical building blocks called nucleotides.

Answer 25

Nucleic Acids

Question 26

The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).

Answer 26

Nucleic Acids

Question 27

3 Components of Nucleotide

Answer 27

Nitrogenous Bases Five Carbon Sugar Phosphate Group

Question 28

C (Cytosine), T (Thymine) and U (Uracil)

Answer 28

Pyrimidine

Question 29

A (Adenine) and G (Guanine)

Answer 29

Purine

Question 30

The Pentose sugar in DNA is Deoxyribose and in RNA it is Ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the second carbon of the ribose and hydrogen on the second carbon of the deoxyribose.

Answer 30

Five Carbon Sugar

Question 31

A chemical group made up of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms, with a net negative charge.

Answer 31

Phospate Group

Question 32

These are large molecules that are important components of living systems.

Answer 32

Macromolecules

Question 33

A sugar, starch, or cellulose that is a food source of energy for an animal or plant; a saccharide.

Answer 33

Carbohydrate

Question 34

are the substances that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents but are usually insoluble in water such as fats.

Answer 34

Lipids

Question 35

Macromolecules made primarily of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen.

Answer 35

Proteins

Question 36

It is a long chainlike molecules composed of a series of nearly identical building blocks called nucleotides.

Answer 36

Nucleic Acid

Question 37

__________ is the term used for a large molecule.

Answer 37

Macromolecule

Question 38

___________ are the major source of energy for the body. Instant or quick energy.

Answer 38

Carbohydrates

Question 39

low levels of proteins lactase

Answer 39

Lactose Intolerance

Question 40

are so abundant in the body.

Answer 40

Proteins

Question 41

Some proteins function as chemical-signaling molecules. These proteins are secreted by endocrine cells that act to control or regulate specific physiological processes, which include growth, development, metabolism, and reproduction.

Answer 41

Hormones

Question 42

is a protein hormone secreted by pancreas that helps to regulate blood glucose levels

Answer 42

Insulin

Question 43

Solid at room temperature (unhealthy)

Answer 43

Saturated Fats

Question 44

Liquid at room temperature (healthy)

Answer 44

Unsaturated Fats