Biomes yr 9 Flashcards
What is a biome?
A biome is a large area with similar climate, plants, and animals.
What are the two types of grasslands?
Tropical grasslands (Savanna) – Found in Africa, Australia, South America.
Temperate grasslands – Found in North America (prairies), Asia (steppes).
What is permafrost?
Permanently frozen ground, found in the tundra biome.
What is the largest biome?
Taiga (Coniferous Forest).
What is the coldest biome?
Tundra.
What are the 4 types of deserts?
Hot Deserts – Sahara, Australian Outback.
Cold Deserts – Gobi Desert.
Coastal Deserts – Atacama Desert.
Semi-Arid Deserts – Great Basin.
What are the 2 types of aquatic biomes?
Marine – Oceans, seas, coral reefs.
Freshwater – Rivers, lakes, wetlands.
What is the most fragile biome and why?
Coral reefs – easily damaged by climate change, pollution, and overfishing.
What are the 4 layers of the rainforest?
Emergent layer – Tallest trees.
Canopy – Dense tree cover.
Understory – Small trees and plants.
Forest Floor – Dark, damp, rich in nutrients.
Name 3 threats to biomes.
Deforestation – Cutting down trees.
Climate Change – Rising temperatures.
Pollution – Plastic waste, chemicals.
What are the 5 types of maps?
Topographic – Shows elevation using contour lines.
Thematic – Focuses on one topic (e.g., population).
Political – Shows country/state borders.
Physical – Shows landforms (mountains, rivers).
Climate – Shows temperature and rainfall.
What are contour lines?
Lines on a map that show elevation.
How do contour lines show steep vs. gentle slopes?
Steep slope – Contour lines are close together.
Gentle slope – Contour lines are far apart.
What do AR and GR stand for?
AR (Area Reference) – 4-digit code for a general location.
GR (Grid Reference) – 6-digit code for an exact point.
What are natural vs. manmade features on a map?
Natural – Rivers, mountains, forests.
Manmade – Roads, buildings, bridges.
What is latitude?
Horizontal lines measuring north/south of the Equator (0° latitude).
What is longitude?
Vertical lines measuring east/west of the Prime Meridian (0° longitude).
What is the Prime Meridian?
The 0° longitude line, dividing the Earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres.
How do you measure distance on a map?
Use the scale to convert map distances into real-world distances.
What is a cross-section in mapping?
A side view of a landform showing elevation changes.
