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Bio 142 > Biomes > Flashcards

Biomes Flashcards

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1
Q

Biomes are…

A

regions characterized by
distinct abiotic conditions and dominant vegetation types

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2
Q

What are the six main biomes?

A
  1. Tundra
  2. Taiga
  3. Temperate Deciduous
  4. Desert
  5. Grassland
  6. Rainforest
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3
Q

What two abiotic factors are largely
responsible for producing
consistent patterns of vegetation in
different climatic environments?

A

Temperature and moisture

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4
Q

Tropical Rainforest Stats…..

A

Location: ranges from the equator to 23.5º N and 23.5ºs
High Temperature: ~ 25° C
Lots of rain: > 200 cm/yr
Nutrient Poor Soil: acidic, rapid decomposition
Flora and Fauna: VERY diverse

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5
Q

Plant adaptations in Rainforests…..

A

Smooth Bark, buttressing
Climbing vines, epiphytes(plants growing on other plants)
Dip tips

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6
Q

Grassland Stats…

A

Tropical grasslands(savannas)0º - 20º latitude
Temperate grasslands 30º - 50º latitude
- Semi-arid with seasonal rainfall
- Grasses are primary vegetation
- Fire is common

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7
Q

Grassland Plants are/have…

A
  • Fire tolerant
  • Water storage (large trunks)
  • Water acquisition – tap roots
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8
Q

Desert Stats

A

Location: Mostly near 30º N and S
Surface Area: Cover 20% of Earth’s terrestrial surface
Precipitation: < 50cm rainfall/yr
- convergent adaptations of
plants and animals to conserve
water
Cold deserts: vegetation
primarily desert shrubs
Hot deserts: vegetation
lacking or combination
of shrubs and succulents

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9
Q

Some Evolutionary Strategies for Water Storage are…

A

Stores water in trunk and arms
High density of hairs, and spines reflect heat
Keeps stomates closed during the day,open up at night(Reduces water loss)
Rarely sweat, allowing internal heat to rise
Concentrated urine - 90% of H2O conserved
Dense hair reduces heat gain
Stores fat in hump, a source of metabolic water
Both drink/absorb massive amounts of water when available

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10
Q

Temperate Forests Stats:

A

Location: 30º to 50º latitude
Temperature: Variable -20º C to 30° C
Precipitation: 75-150 cm evenly throughout year
Soil: fertile, with decaying litter
Flora: Trees w/broad leaves lost annually

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11
Q

Taiga(boreal forest) stats:

A

Location: 50º - 60º N
Temperatures - very low in winter (down to
- 54ºC)
Precipitation - snow, 40-100 cm annually.
Soil - is thin, nutrient-poor, and acidic.
Flora - mostly of evergreen conifers

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12
Q

Tundra stats:

A

Location: >60º N
Extremely cold climate: (-34° C, but the
average summer temperature is 3-12° C)

Low biotic diversity

Short growing/reproductive season

Permanently frozen subsoil: permafrost

Simple vegetation structure - low shrubs,
sedges, reindeer mosses, liverworts, and
grasses

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13
Q

For arctic-alpine plants,
the goal is to stay warm…

A
  • Low, dense growth form
    1) reduces heat loss by
    wind
    2) reduces the surface
    area to volume ratio
    3) small size requires less
    energy
  • Dark-pigmented leaves to
    absorb heat
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14
Q

Tundra Disappearing At Rapid Rate:
Global climate change causing…

A

Expansion of taiga northward

  • Melting of polar icecaps -> rise in sea levels
  • Thawing of the permafrost
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15
Q

Which biome would a plant with drip tips and
shallow roots be found in?

  1. Tundra
  2. Temperate forest
  3. Taiga
  4. Tropical rainforest
  5. Desert
  6. Grasslands
A
  1. Tropical rainforest
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16
Q

In which biome do organisms need to be adapted to moderate
seasonal variation in day length, temperature, and moisture?

  1. Tundra
  2. Temperate forest
  3. Taiga
  4. Tropical rainforest
  5. Desert
  6. Grasslands
A
  1. Grasslands
    -Everything is moderate
17
Q

In which biome do organisms need to be adapted to the most extreme seasonal variation in temperature and little moisture?

  1. Tundra
  2. Temperate forest
  3. Taiga
  4. Tropical rainforest
  5. Desert
  6. Grasslands
A
  1. Taiga
    - Cant decide between tundra or temperate
18
Q

Why are plants in the tundra adapted to life with low energy?

  1. Average annual temperature in the tundra is less
    variable than in the taiga.
  2. The curvature of the earth means that sunlight
    strikes the tundra at a shallow angle.
  3. The tilt of the earth means that higher latitudes
    receive more annual daylight than the
    equator.
  4. Tropical rainforests absorb most of the sun’s
    energy and thereby reduce the amount available for
    other biomes.
  5. More than one of the above.
A
  1. The curvature of the earth means that sunlight
    strikes the tundra at a shallow angle.
19
Q

Which of the following is a true statement?

A. Tropical forests spans a
wider range of temperatures
than temperate forests
B. Temperate forests span a
wider range of precipitation
than tropical forests
C. The temperature of the taiga
is cooler than tundra
D. The taiga is wetter and a
little bit cooler than
grasslands

A

The taiga is wetter and a
little bit cooler than
grasslands

Bio 142 (4 decks)

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