biomed Flashcards
where can you see substantia nigra in an image that looks like mickey mouse ears?
midbrain
what makes up the striate nucleus?
caudate and putamen
does basal ganglia project to the spinal cord?
no, only cortex and thalamus
what transmitter is associated with subthalamic nucleus?
glutamate
what neurotransmitter is associated with the pars reticulata (substantia nigra)
gaba
what neurotransmitter is associated with the globus palladus interna/substantia nigra pars compacta and ventral tegmental area?
dopamine
where is the main output of the striatum as what is it comprised of?
globus pallidus interna/substantia nigra reticulata
Are projections from the basal ganglia: SNr/GPi to thalamus from inhibitory or facilitory?
inhibitory
what is the only part of the indirect and direct pathway that is facilitory?
the subthalamic nucleus
importance of the skeletomotor circuit?
motor planning, action selection, coordination of sequences, movement execution, scaling and/or focusing movement
what is the path of the skeletomotor system?
- cortex: motor, supplementary motor, premotor, and cingulate motor area
- striatum: putamen
- pallidum: substantia nigra/SNr/GPi
- thalamus
importance of the oculomotor system?
role in saccadic eye movements-what is rewarding to watch
importance of the executive system?
executive/associate function?
importance of limbic system?
emotion/motivation
what is the path of the oculomotor system?
- cortex: frontal and supplementary eye fields
- striatum: caudate nucleus
- Pallidum/substantia nigra: SNr/GPi (oculomotor territory)
- Thalamus
what is the path of the executive/associative system?
- cortex: dorsolateral prefrontal and lateral orbitofrontal cortices
- striatum: caudate nucleus
- palladium/substania nigra: snr/gpi (associate territory)
- thalamus
what is the path of the limbic system?
- cortex: anterior cingulate and medial orbitofrontal cortices
- striatum: ventral striatum
- palladium/substantia nigra: snr/gpi (limbic territory)
- thalamus
what does the skeletomotor circuit do to prepare a movement?
select an action
how does the skeletomotor circuit initate a movement?
plan it
what are three components of the execution of a movement?
scaling the amplitude of movement
scaling the velocity of movement
focusing by choosing the best pattern for the movement
what is the neurotransmitter used by the skeletomotor system? what is its goal?
dopamine
movement choice associated with reward
does glutamate facilitate or inhibit basal ganglia?
facilitate
does gaba facilitate or inhibit basal ganglia?
inhibit
does acetylcholine facilitate or inhibit basal ganglia?
facilitate
in terms of basal ganglia, what neurotransmitter does the cerebral cortex release?
glutamate
in terms of basal ganglia, what neurotransmitter does the striate release?
gaba
in terms of basal ganglia, what neurotransmitter does the internal segment and pars reticulata release?
gaba
in terms of basal ganglia, what neurotransmitter does the sub thalamic nucleus release?
glutamate
in terms of basal ganglia, where are dopaminergic synapses found?
pallidum, substantia nigra, and sub thalamic nucleus
which receptors for dopamine affect the direct pathway?
D1
which receptors for dopamine affect indirect pathway?
D2
what is the effect of dopamine in thalamocortical neurons?
facilitates movements
