Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSc > Biomechanics Week 5 Morphological Adaptations to Str Training > Flashcards

Biomechanics Week 5 Morphological Adaptations to Str Training Flashcards

1
Q

Adaptations to str training: m 3?

A

architecture
size/csa/
fibre type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Adaptations to str training: tendon - 1?

A

stiffness/compliance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Adaptations to str training: bone - 1?

A

str/bone mineral density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Adaptations to str training: neural changes?

A

Motor unit recruitment
firing freq
intra/inter coord
reflex mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bone: how does this respond to load?

A

microdamage every cycle –> E2 and NO pathway –> osteoclast (quick)–> osteoblast (takes time)

if not used, metabolically active - so no use it, lose it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Osteoclast vs osteoblast time frame

A

quick
vs slow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bone load: how does this effect bone mass, mineralization, trabecular orientation

A

incr
incr compressive and tensile str
alterations in trabecular orientation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bone strength - what can you do to asses this?

A

dexa
pQCT

typically calcaneous, hip, lumbar spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

BMD increases how much over 12 weeks in untrained ind?

A

1-3%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a really good stimulus for bone (exercise type)

A

running as weighted stimulus
30Hz works best

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Time course of bone adaptation - how does this differ adol vs oa?

A

younger/adol - as have growing bone already
slower in OA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fibre length short, pennation angle will be?

A

long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Force generating apacity of a m is proportional to the number of __ in parallel
due to ___ and __

A

sarcomere
due to CSA and PCSA = m vol/fibre L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Increasing pennation angle with __ force along line of action

A

reduce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Maximum shortening/lengthenin and velocity are ___ to number of sarcomeres in series

A

proportional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Long fibres and small PCSA - length to shorten and force?

A

muslce length shorten more but less force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Short fibres and large PCSA - how does this effect force and m length

A

shorten less
more force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Long fiber m - velocity?

A

quicker due to more shortening within a fasicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Fibre type - time to develop force is influenced by which?

A

transmission delay ofCNS to motor end plate
excitation contraction coupling delay - motor endplate to developm force cessation of neurla signal to relaxation of force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Contraction velocity is determined by ? and ?

A

ca release
and uptake and x bridge kinetics

21
Q

How to adapt muscle size?

A

CSA via hypertrophy
PCSA - to incr force to incr str
requires add of sarcomeres in parallel

22
Q

Increasing fasicle length will __ absolute shortening v of m

A

incr
requirees add of sarcomeres in series

23
Q

Why does muscle hypertrophy occur?

A

splitting of myofibrils at Z disc to allow more laying down of actin/myosin–> to increase number of sarcomere in parallel

24
Q

How do you get sarcomeres in series? (mechanism)

A

alteration in operating L of m –> ecc for ex/walking in high heels

addition of removal of sarcomere so sarcomeres operating close to optimal region/slight shorter length which is preferred for them

25
Effect of training on m architecture: change in m vol
incr
26
Effect of training on m architecture ecc vs conc - m fibre length
ecc ++ > conc
27
Effect of training on m architecture: pennation angle conc vs ecc
conc ++++ - less sarcomere in series vs ecc: less due to incr in length of m
28
Effect of training on m architecture: CSA in proximal/mid/distal region of quads in ecc vs conc
much bigger mid portion in conc training than ecc BUT greater distal in ecc than conc
29
Effect of training on m architecture: how is strain distributed along the fascile in conc vs ecc in a pennate m
ecc - distal stretch much more conc - biggest length change in mid region
30
Effect of m training on long head of biceps femoris: how to prevent ham injury
ecc - increase length due to increase sarcomeres in end to end so that they decrease each fasicle length (ie at their optimal as opposed to concerning/at risk length)
31
If want longer fasicle to persist, have to..
continue to do so! otherwise returns to its length per prior
32
M and tendon will stretch equivalent amount for a given force if the ___ is the same
stiffness
33
If a muscle is stiffer than a tendon, how does the unit react?
depends how much force m can activate vs tendon stays same given its properties
34
Tension/force of m and tendon of an mtu will always be ___
same
35
Properties of m/force generation and tendon/stiffness effect the way they will interact and hence the ...
length change in each element and the whole MTU
36
M fasicle vs tendon changing length in comparison to MTU
not same change necessarily tendon + MTU same
37
Variety of tendon stiffness in achilles tendons based on Farris et al 2011?
yes!!!
38
How do you adapt a tendon?
overload - repetitive overload of what is normal initiates collagen, ECM synthesis and degradation
39
Tissue damage: 24-72h synthesis vs degradation vs net
up to 24: next degrade 24-48: net synthesis 48h to 72 net synthesis
40
Tissue damage m vs tendon length of time - how to adapt training if trying to improve m vs tendon
tendon slower - need to have longer time between sessions if want to improve tendon
41
Stiffer tendon can __ more force and store __ energy
resist less
42
What is the best contraction type to load the tendon?
doesn't really matter because tendon stretches by same amount for given force (but in ecc can generate more force than isom so can lengthen further due to higher force)
43
Safest way to adapt a tendon
heavy iso given m doesn't have to change length
44
Ecc for achilles tendon - why does this improve the stiffness?
hypothesived superimposed rapid loading unloading due to difficulty to control may help
45
Stiffer tendon: max activation changes on tendon from prior
tendon stretches less
46
Increase compliance of tendon, how does it respond?
greater stretch for given force
47
Weaker m - change to tendon?
stretch tendon less
48
Stronger m - action on tendon?
stretch further

MSc (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions