Biomechanics revision Flashcards
(122 cards)
Motor skill definition
A motor skill is a voluntary, goal-directed activity that is learnt through practice and experience. They are a type of skill that requires movement of the body or limbs to achieve a goal.
What are motor-skills classified under?
Movement precision
Type of movement
Predictability of movement
What are the 2 types of movement precision motor skills?
Gross motor skills
Fine motor skills
What are gross motor skills and an example?
Gross motor skills are motor skills that involve the recruitment of large muscle groups and do not have a focus on precision. For example, running.
What are fine motor skills and an example?
Motor skills that involve the recruitment of smaller muscle groups and are used in movements requiring precisions, such as throwing a dart
What are the 3 types of ‘type of movement motor skills’?
Discrete motor skills
Serial motor skills
Continuous motor skills
What are discrete motor skills and an example?
Motor skills that have an obvious beginning and end, like kicking a football.
What are serial motor skills and an example?
Refers to multiple discrete motor skills being completed in one sequence, such as a gymnastics floor routine.
What are continuous motor skills and an example?
Motor skills that have no definitive beginning and end, like walking.
What are the 2 types of ‘predictability of movement motor skills’?
Closed
Open
What is a closed motor skill and an example?
Is a movement that is self-paced and is in a predictable environment that the individual has large control over. Eg; throwing darts
What is an open motor skill and an example?
Is a movement that is externally paced and is in unpredictable conditions/environment, such as surfing.
What are the 3 stages of learning?
Cognitive
Associative
Autonomous
What is the link between motor skill development, participation and performance?
Those who participate in sport more and more likely to develop their motor skills and therefore perform better. By performing better, they will probably find more enjoyment in the sport and hence, be more likely to continue to participate it, again improving their motor skills, improving their performance and so on.
What are the 4 main principles of a qualitative movement analysis?
Preparation
Observation
Evaluation
Error correction
How is a QMA test reliable?
The test must reproduce similar results when conducted under similar conditions, contexts and situations.
How is a QMA test valid?
The test’s capacity must measure what it is intended to measure. For example, if a test is designed to measure height of jump, it shouldn’t worry about speed of run up.
What are constraints?
Constraints are boundaries that shape a learners self-organising movement patterns, cognitions and decision making process. They influence the way people process information, make decisions and move.
3 types of constraints
Individual constraints
Environmental constraints
Task constraints
Individual constraints examples
Body size (height and weight)
Fitness level
Mental skills
Decision making skills
Environmental constraints examples
Where a player was raised Weather conditions Quality of facilities Cultural norms of community (eg; Australians play AFL but if you grew up in USA you are unlikely to play it compared to Aus) Peer groups Sport club culture Social expectations
Task constraints examples
Rules of sport
Equipment used
Player numbers
Ground dimensions
What does the preparation stage of a QMA involve?
Developing an observation strategy based on knowledge of the game and characteristics of skills in the sport.
Determining the purpose of the analysis
Determining the player to be observed, the focus and how the player will be monitored
What does the QMA observation stage involve?
Recording and live-analyzing a player’s performance.
Also observing team dynamics, if team sticks to gameplan and the opponents pattern of play.