Activity Analysis revision Flashcards
What are the 12 fitness components?
Muscular power Muscular strength Muscular endurance Coordination Body composition Anaerobic capacity Aerobic power Flexibility Agility Balance Speed Reaction time
Muscular power definition
Refers to the ability to exert a force rapidly over a short period of time. It is the explosive aspect of strength.
Muscular strength definition
Refers to the maximal force that can be generated by one muscle group in one maximal effort.
Muscular endurance
Refers to the ability of a muscle/muscle group to perform repeated contractions for an extended period of time.
Coordination definition
Ability to use the body’s senses to execute motor skills smoothly and accurately.
Body composition definition
Refers to the proportion of body weight derived from fat compared to the proportion of weight derived from lean tissue.
Anaerobic capacity definition
The total amount of work done by the anaerobic system to produce ATP.
Aerobic power definition
Aerobic power is the rate of energy release by processes that depend on oxygen
Flexibility definition
The capacity of a joint to move through its full range of motion. It reflects the ability of the muscle to stretch.
Agility definition
Ability to change direction rapidly and accurately
Balance definition
Ability to stay in control of body movements
Speed definition
Rate of motion of a body part.
Reaction definition
Refers to the time taken for the body to react to an external stimulus.
Factors affecting muscular power
Length of muscle fibres
Force generated
Velocity that muscle fibres lengthen/shorten at
Factors affecting muscular strength
Muscle and fibre type
Speed of action
Muscle fibre length
Factors affecting muscular endurance
Fatigue
Fibre type
Age and gender
Factors affecting coordination
Expertise
Stage of development
Factors affecting body composition
Excess body fat
Gender and age
Factors affecting anaerobic capacity
Age and gender
Factors affecting aerobic power
Concentration of oxidative enzymes
Size and number of mitochondria
Blood volume and cardiac output
Blood flow to working muscles
Factors affecting flexibility
Joint type
Muscle and body temperature
Factors affecting agility
Flexibility
Age
Neuromuscular control
Factors affecting balance
Age
Injury
Factors affecting speed
Muscle fibre
Reaction time
Age and gender
Factors affecting reaction time
Intensity
Age
5 reasons for fitness testing
Determining fitness component strengths and weaknesses
Establishing a baseline
Motivation
Selection criteria for employment such as police
Identifying specific attributes
What is a PAR-Q and its importance?
A PAR-Q is a pre-exercise screening questionnaire, which determines a persons readiness for fitness testing. It is important for identifying potential health risks.
How is a test valid?
It measures what it claims to
How is a test reliable?
It produces consistent results under similar conditions
What is the difference between lab testing and field testing?
Lab testing is done in a lab/advanced facility, generally done for individual testing, whereas field testing is completed in a field environment, such as a sports field/court, and can test multiple athletes at once.
What is the difference between maximal and submaximal testing?
A max test is completed as close as possible to exhaustion whereas submax tests are performed at lower intensities.
What is the difference between direct testing and indirect testing?
Direct testing directly measures the function of a fitness component, whereas an indirect test uses predictive measures to estimate fitness levels.
Muscular power fitness tests
Vertical jump
Seated basketball throw
Muscular strength fitness tests
Bench press test
Handgrip dynamometer strength test
Muscular endurance fitness tests
Timed push-ups/sit-ups
Beep test
Coordination fitness tests
Alternate hand wall-toss test
Body composition fitness tests
BMI
Waist circumference
Percentage body fat
Anaerobic capacity fitness tests
300 meter shuttle run test
30-second wingate test
Aerobic power tests
1-mile run
VO2 Max test
20 meter shuttle run tests
Flexibility fitness tests
Sit and reach
Agility fitness test
Illinois agility test
Balance fitness test
Stork stand balance test
Speed fitness test
20m sprint/50m sprint
Reaction time fitness test
Ruler drop reaction test
What is a fitness battery test?
A fitness battery test refers to several fitness tests being performed to assess various fitness components to create a fitness profile.
What is the aim of an activity analysis?
An activity analysis aims to create a reliable record of performance by analysing observations with the aim of making changes to improve performance.
Specific information that can be determined by activity analysis (what to look for in data)
Heart rate data Work-to-rest ratio Major muscle groups used in performance Skill frequencies Performance intensities Factors associated with fatigued Movement patterns
What does direct observation record?
Skill frequencies
Player movement patterns
Use of playing area (hot spots)
Performance intensity (subjective tho)
What does direct observation with statistics record?
Skill frequencies
Other quantitative data
What does a HR monitor record?
Heart rate
Performance intensity
What does a GPS record?
Speed Distance Displacement Hot spots Performance intensity
What does video recording record?
Skill frequencies
Use of playing area
Performance intensity (subjective)
Advantages of direct observation
Immediate changes and adjustments can be made in game
Player fatigue can be easily identified and counteracted
Disadvantages of direct observation
Decisions are opinion based
No way to show players how they performed
Pace of game can be too fast to catch everything
Advantages of direct observation and statistics
Data can be saved for future reference
Player performance profiles can be established
Disadvantages of direct observation and stats
Labour intensive
Hard to record data and live-analyse at same time
Digital/video recording advantages
Data can be archived and used at any time
Data can be transmitted easily
Disadvantages of HR monitors
May be delays in real-time signals
GPS advantages
Combines movement patterns with intensities
Easily identifies fatiguing players
Can be used in field, not just lab tests
GPS disadvantages
Uncomfortable to wear
Limited contextual info provided
Sky cam advantages
Every player is visible the whole game
Off ball movements can be analysed
Sky cam disadvantages
Expensive to implement and maintain
What does analysing movement patterns tell?
Hot spots on field
Movement intensities
What does analysing skill frequencies tell?
Frequency of skills
Effectiveness of skills
How improvements in technical and tactical performance can be made
What does a 1:1 work rest ratio mean?
The aerobic system contributes significantly to energy production
What does a 1:2-1:3 work rest ratio mean?
The anaerobic glycolysis system contributes significantly to energy production
What does a 1:5 work rest ratio mean?
The ATP-CP system contributes significantly to energy production
Factors to consider when testing
Health status of participant Cultural sensitivity Timing/scheduling Financial costs Confidentiality
Introduction for written breakdown
Within the following activity analysis, there will be a discussion of the major fitness components, energy systems, and major muscle groups used by an athlete in a sport match. The methods for data collection are this, and they record this. The data analysis will allow for the major fitness component strengths and weakness to be identified and establish a baseline for the player, so they know what fitness tests would be appropriate to undertake to improve their performance.
What information should be in the fitness components paragraph?
4 key fitness components used (data)
Muscle groups used in those fitness components
Definitions of the fitness components
Why a player would want to improve the fitness component in relation to the sport
What info should be in the energy systems paragraph?
All 3 energy systems contribute to resynthesis of ATP during the game
W:R ratio and what that indicates
Contribution of each system (significance and data suggesting that)
Importance of having an efficient aerobic, ana glyc. ATP-CP system
What info should be in the fitness tests paragraph?
Why we fitness test (establish a baseline and identify S+W)
Informed consent and PAR-Q explanation
Minimum 3 fitness tests and how it relates to sport (data and gameplay)
2 considerations at end of para
What info should be in the conclusion?
Summary based on data (FC, ES, MG)
2 limitations and how to fix (why changes would benefit analysis)
What is the importance of the aerobic system in sport?
Allows for high intensity efforts for long durations
Removes metabolic by-products (ana glyc significant contribution)
Replenishes depleted CP stores if given sufficient time of periods of low intensity.
What is the importance of the anaerobic glycolysis system in sport?
Allows for repeated high-intensity efforts with little rest
What is the importance of the ATP-CP system in sport?
Allows for explosive movements
