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KIN 151 > Biomechanics of the Body > Flashcards

Biomechanics of the Body Flashcards

1
Q

Active component

A

Contractile components of muscle develops forces

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2
Q

Active insufficiency

A

Failure to produce force when muscles are slack

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3
Q

Acute

A

Single force of high magnitude that causes injury/damage

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4
Q

Agonist

A

Acts to cause a movement

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5
Q

Antagonist

A

Acts to slow/stop a movement

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6
Q

Bending

A

Combo of compression and tension forces, side with tension applied will break first

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7
Q

Chronic

A

Damage from repeated applications of sub-acute force

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8
Q

Compression

A

Squeezing force directed through centre of a body

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9
Q

Concentric

A

Muscle shortening actions

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10
Q

Contractile

A

Ability to change length when stimulated, develops tension

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11
Q

Convergent arrangement

A

Fibers converge at insertion point to maximize muscle action

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12
Q

Deformation

A

Change in shape

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13
Q

Eccentric

A

Muscle lengthening actions

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14
Q

Elastic

A

Return to its original length and shape following extension/contraction

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15
Q

Elastic region

A

Ability for object to deform under applied force before yield point (point of no return)

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16
Q

Extensible

A

Ability to stretch/increased in length without being damaged

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17
Q

Fast twitch

A

Reach peak tension and relax more quickly than slow twitch (ST) fibers

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18
Q

Hill’s muscle

A

Musculotendinous unit behaves as a contractile component (muscle fibers) in parallel with one elastic component (muscle membranes) and in series with another elastic component (tendons)

19
Q

Irritable

A

Ability to respond to stimulus

20
Q

Isometric

A

No change in length

21
Q

Loading

A

To apply a force onto an object

22
Q

Muscular endurance

A

Ability of the muscle to exert tension over a period of time

23
Q

Muscular power

A

Product of muscular force/shortening velocity, product of net torque/angular velocity at joint

24
Q

Neutralizer

A

Acts to eliminate an unwanted action

25
Q

Parallel arrangement

A

Long fibres act over a great distance, aren’t strong but high in endurance

26
Q

Parallel elastic component

A

Passive component - Muscle membranes that provide resistive tension when a muscle is passively stretched

27
Q

Passive component

A

Parallel/series elastic components; as muscle changes length, connective tissue is stretched

28
Q

Passive insufficiency

A

Restriction of joint range of motion when muscles are fully stretched

29
Q

Pennate arrangement

A

Fibers span short distances in feather-like arrangement, strongest fascicle arrangement

30
Q

Plastic region

A

Object’s ability to deform constant under applied force (unable to deform to greater extent) until reaching failure point

31
Q

Plyometrics

A

Movements where a muscle is actively stretched then contracted, used to increase speed/force of muscular contractions

32
Q

Pressure

A

External force distributed over an area

33
Q

Series elastic component

A

Passive component - Tendons that act as a spring to store elastic energy when an active muscle is stretched

34
Q

Shear

A

Force directed parallel to a surface

35
Q

Slow twitch

A

Slower peak in tension/relaxation, smaller peak tension

36
Q

Stabilizer

A

Acts to stabilize against another force

37
Q

Stiffness

A

Measure of elasticity, determined by slope of load-deformation curve

38
Q

Strength

A

Defined by failure point, assessed by area under load-deformation curve

39
Q

Stress

A

Distribution of force within a body

40
Q

Stretch shortening cycle

A

Eccentric contraction (in which the muscle is actively stretched) followed immediately by concentric contraction

41
Q

Sub-acute

A

Force of magnitude lower than acute that may cause injury

42
Q

Tension

A

Stretching force directed through centre of a body

43
Q

Torsion

A

Twisting force around the longitudinal axis of a body

44
Q

Yield point

A

Point of no return in elasticity

KIN 151 (12 decks)

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