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MSK Shoulder > Biomechanics of shoulder > Flashcards

Biomechanics of shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

Glenohumeral Joint type

A

Ball and socket

Head of humerus joins with glenoid fossa

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2
Q

glenohumeral ligaments

A

radiate laterally from the supraglenoid tubercle in three bands

Superior, middle and inferior

Function to strengthen the anterior capsule of the joint

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3
Q

rotator cuff interval

A

defined by
base- the coracoid process
superiorly- border of anterior margin of supraspinatus tendon
inferiorly- superior margin of subscaplaris tendon

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4
Q

sternoclavicular joint type

A

saddle joint

clavicle is convex superior/inferior and concave anterior/posterior

sternum is concave superior/inferior and convex anterior/posterior

articular disc connecting medial end of clavicle to the first costal cartilage and sternum

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5
Q

Costoclavicular ligament

A

First rib and it’s costal Cartilage to the anterior margin of the medial end of the clavicle

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6
Q

blood supply of sternoclavicular joint

A

Internal thoracic and suprascapular arteries

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7
Q

nerve supply of sternoclavicular joint

A

Branches of subscapular nerve and nerve to subclavius

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8
Q

Acromioclavicular joint

A

plane joint

Junction of lateral end of clavicle to the acromion process of the scapula

Capsule strengthen superiorly by the acromioclavicular ligament

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9
Q

Coricoclavicular ligament

A

strengthens lateral end of the clavicle by attaching to the coracoid process

Two parts- trapezoid, and conoid

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10
Q

blood supply of AC joint

A

Suprascapular and thoracoacromial arteries

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11
Q

nerve supply of AC joint

A

Lateral pectoral and axillary nerves

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12
Q

What muscles attached to the coracoid process

A

pec minor
short head of biceps brachii
coracobrachialis

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13
Q

Resting position of shoulder

A

55° of abduction
30° of horizontal adduction

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14
Q

Close packed position of shoulder

A

Full abduction and full lateral rotation

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15
Q

The order of movement lost in capsular pattern

A

lateral rot
Abduction
Medial rotation

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16
Q

Glenohumeral joint ROM norms

A

Flexion- 100 to 115°
Extension - 20 to 25°
Abduction - 90 to 125°
Lateral rotation - 80 to 90°
Medial rotation - 50 to 60°

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17
Q

Shoulder complex range of motion norms

A

flexion- 165 to 180°
Extension - 50 to 60°
Abduction - 170 to 180°
Lateral rotation- 90 to 100°
Medial rotation - 70 to 90°

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18
Q

Resting position of scapula

A

Vertebral border- 5 cm lateral to the spinal processes and between ribs 2-7

Superior angle - T2
Spine of scapula - T4
Inferior angle - T7-T9

Upper rotation 10 to 20°
Internally rotated 30 to 45°
Anteriorly tipped 10 to 20°

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19
Q

Kinematic Principle 1 - ratio

A

based on generalized 2:1 scapulohumeral rhythm,
active shoulder abduction of about 180° occurs as a result of simultaneous 120° of GH joint abduction and 60° of scapula thoracic upward rotation

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20
Q

principle 2 - upward rotation of scapula is due to

A

The 60° of upward rotation of the scapula during full shoulder abduction is the result of a simultaneous elevation at the SC joint, combined with upward rotation at the AC joint

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21
Q

principle 3- clavicle…

A

The clavicle retracts at the SC joint during shoulder abduction

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22
Q

principle 4- upwardly rotating scapula…

A

The upwardly rotating scapula posteriorly tilts and less consistently externally rotates slightly during full shoulder abduction

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23
Q

principle 5- clavicle rotates…

A

Clavicle posteriorly rotates around its own axis during shoulder abduction

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24
Q

principle 6- GH rotates…

A

the GH externally rotates during shoulder abduction

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25
Q

upper trapezius

A

Spinal accessory nerve

Scapular elevation
Some contribution to scapular upward rotation

26
Q

levator scapulae

A

dorsal scapular nerve

Scapular elevation
scapular adduction
Some scapular downward rotation

27
Q

serratus anterior

A

Long thoracic nerve

Scapular protraction Abduction/ upward rotation

28
Q

pec minor

A

medial pectoral nerve

Scapular protraction abduction

29
Q

Lower trapezius

A

Spinal accessory nerve

Scapular upward rotation, and depression

30
Q

Middle trapezius

A

spinal accessory nerve

Scapular retraction adduction

31
Q

Rhomboids, major and minor

A

dorsal Scapular nerve

scapular retraction, and downward rotation

32
Q

Deltoid anterior fibers

A

axillary nerve

Shoulder flexion
Internal rot
Horizontal adduction

33
Q

coracobrachialis

A

musculocutaneous nerve

shoulder flexion
Horizontal adduction

34
Q

pec major- clavicular portion

A

Lateral pectoral nerve

shoulder horizontal adduction
Internal rotation
Flexion

35
Q

pec major sternocostal portion

A

medial pectoral nerve

Shoulder horizontal adduction
Extension

36
Q

Deltoid middle fibers

A

Axillary nerve
Shoulder abduction

37
Q

Long head of biceps

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

shoulder abduction
(Only if shoulder is externally rot)

38
Q

supraspinatus

A

suprascapular n

Maintains humeral head in glenoid fossa
Some external rotation

39
Q

Which muscles depressed head of humerus to assist with abduction

A

Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

40
Q

Deltoid posterior fibers

A

axillary nerve

Shoulder extension
External rotation
Horizontal abduction

41
Q

latt Dorsi

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

Shoulder extension
Adduction
Internal rotation

42
Q

Teres major

A

lower subscapular nerve

Shoulder extension from flexed position
internal rotation
Adduction and extension

43
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Shoulder external rotation

Stabilizes glenohumeral joint by depressing humeral head within the glenoid fossa

44
Q

Teres Minor

A

Shoulder external rotation

Stabilizes GH joint by maintaining humeral within the glenoid fossa

45
Q

Subscapularis

A

Subscapular nerve, upper and lower

Shoulder internal rotation
Abduction

Maintains humeral head in fossa

46
Q

Internal rotation

A

Subscapularis
Teres major
Pectoralis major
latissimus dorsi

47
Q

external rotation

A

infraspinatus

Teres minor

48
Q

extension and horizontal abduction

A

Deltoid posterior fibers

lat dorsi

Teres major

49
Q

abduction

A

Deltoid middle fibers

Long head of biceps

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis depress head

50
Q

horizontal adduction

A

Pec major- clavicular and sternocostal portions

51
Q

flexion

A

Deltoid anterior fibers

Coracobrachialis

Pectoralis major clavicular portion

52
Q

primary retractors ( adductors)

A

Middle trapezius

Rhomboids major and minor

53
Q

primary protractors and upward rotators

A

Serratus anterior

Pec minor

Lower trapezius

54
Q

Primary elevators

A

upper trapezius

levator scapulae

55
Q

Non-ligamentous mechanisms

A

balance
Concavity compression
Adhesion cohesion

56
Q

ligamentous mechanisms

A

capsuloligamentous constraint

57
Q

Capsular tightness in posterior inferior: limited motions

A

Elevation in anterior planes
Internal rotation of elevated arm
Cross body adduction

58
Q

capsular tightness in posterior superior: limited motion

A

Reach up behind the back

59
Q

capsular tightness in anterior superior: limited motion

A

External rotation with arm at the side

60
Q

capsular tightness in anterior inferior: limited motion

A

External rotation with arm elevated

61
Q

capsular tightness inferior: limited motion

A

Elevation in scaption/abduction

MSK Shoulder (13 decks)

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