Biomechanics- Axis and Planes

Question 1

three planes

Answer 1

sagittal
frontal
transverse

Question 2

• vertical plane passing through the body from front to back
• divides into right half and left half
• divides body into equal symmetrical halves

Answer 2

sagittal plane

Question 3

• vertical plane passing through the body from side to side
• divides body into front and back half
• divides body into equal, but asymmetrical halves

Answer 3

frontal plane

Question 4

• horizontal plane passing through the body from side to side and front to back
• divides body into upper and lower halves
• divides body into equal, but asymmetrical halves

Answer 4

transverse plane

Question 5

• always perpendicular to the plane in which the motion takes place
• used to describe specific kind of motion

Answer 5

axis of motion

Question 6

considered the proximal part

Answer 6

axis of motion

Question 7

takes place in the distal part

Answer 7

motion

Question 8

the line around which motion takes place

Answer 8

axis

Question 9

vertical axis perpendicular to the ground and lies in the frontal and sagittal planes

Answer 9

• frontal-sagittal axis
• axis of transverse plane of motion
• abduction and adduction motion of foot

Question 10

horizontal axis which passes from side to side and lies in frontal and transverse planes

Answer 10

• frontal-transverse axis
• axis of sagittal plane of motion
• dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of the foot. flexion and extension of the leg

Question 11

horizontal axis which passes from front to back and lies in sagittal and transverse planes

Answer 11

• sagittal-transverse axis
• axis of frontal plane motion
• inversion/eversion of the foot
• abduction and adduction in leg (not to be confused with transverse plane motion)

Question 12

• motion of transverse plan around frontal-sagittal axis

- moves away from midline

Answer 12

abduction

Question 13

• motion of transverse plane around a frontal-sagittal axis

- moves toward midline

Answer 13

adduction

Question 14

• motion of sagittal plane around a transverse-frontal axis

- distal aspect of foot moves dorsally, towards tibia

Answer 14

dorsiflexion

Question 15

• motion in sagittal plane around transverse-frontal axis

- distal aspect of foot moves plantarly, away from tibia

Answer 15

Plantarflexion

Question 16

• motion of frontal plane around transverse-sagittal axis

- plantar surface of foot move toward midline of the body.

Answer 16

inversion

Question 17

• motion of frontal plane around a transverse-sagittal axis

- plantar surface of foot move away from midline of body

Answer 17

eversion

Question 18

• complex triplane motions
• component on all three body planes
• none can take place independently of the other two.

Answer 18

pronation and supination

Question 19

motion occurring when it’s not weight-bearing

Answer 19

open kinetic chain

Question 20

motion when force is applied

Answer 20

closed kinetic chain

Question 21

motion of the leg- abduction and adduction

Answer 21

frontal plane motion

Question 22

motion of the leg- flexion and extension

Answer 22

sagittal plane motion

Question 23

motion of the leg- internal and external rotation

Answer 23

transverse plane motion

Question 24

Fixed structural variations of the foot:
- fixation of a part in the position it would assume in adduction. A transverse fixation with the distal end displaced toward the midline.

Answer 24

adductus

Question 25

Fixed structural variations of the foot: - fixation of a part in the position it would assume in abduction. - transverse fixation with the distal end displaced away from the midline.

Answer 25

abductus

Question 26

Fixed structural variations of the foot: - fixation of the part in the position it would assume if inverted - frontal plane fixation in which the plantar surface is turned toward the midline.

Answer 26

varus

Question 27

Fixed structural variations of the foot: - fixation of the part in the position it would assume if everted. - frontal plane fixation in which the plantar surface is turned away from the midline.

Answer 27

valgus

Question 28

Fixed structural variations of the foot: - fixation of the foot or part of the foot in the position it would assume if plantarflexed. - distal end of the part is further away from the tibia.

Answer 28

equinus | ex. someone walking on their tip-toes

Question 29

Fixed structural variations of the foot: - fixation of the foot or part of the foot in the position it would assume if dorsiflexed. - distal end of the part is closer to the tibia.

Answer 29

calcaneus

Question 30

Fixed structural variations of the foot: - hereditary defects which change the position of the entire foot. - deformity can be either in the talus, calcaneus or both.

Answer 30

talipes

Question 31

sagittal plane of dorsal and plantar flexion | - motion does occur in all 3 planes

Answer 31

Dominant motion of ankle

Question 32

deviates 42 degrees from transverse and 16 degrees from sagittal plane

Answer 32

subtalar joint axis

Question 33

equal amounts of transverse and frontal plane motion, only some sagittal plane motion due to the 42:16 degree angle

Answer 33

Dominant motion of subtalar joint

Question 34

access of motion deviated 10 degrees from transverse plane and 60 from sagittal

Answer 34

flat foot

Question 35

sagittal plane and triplace motion, no medial column

Answer 35

Dominant motion of flat foot

Question 36

15 degrees from transverse plane and 9 degrees from sagittal plane

Answer 36

longitudinal axis of midtarsal joint

Question 37

52 degrees from transverse plane and 57 degrees from sagittal plane

Answer 37

oblique axis of midtarsal joint

Question 38

frontal motion, inversion and eversion

Answer 38

dominant motion for midtarsal joint

Question 39

- 45 degrees from frontal and sagittal planes | - no deviation from transverse plane (no motion)

Answer 39

first ray axis

Question 40

equal amounts of sagittal and frontal motion with no motion in the transverse plane

Answer 40

dominant motion of first ray axis

Question 41

deformity in the transverse plane of first ray axis

Answer 41

bunion

Question 42

first ray dorsiflexes

Answer 42

it inverts

Question 43

first ray plantarflexes

Answer 43

it everts

Question 44

Read this article

Answer 44

Donald Green, “Planal Dominance”. JAPMA, Vol 74, February, 1984.