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Pod Med Exam 2 > Biomechanics- Axis and Planes > Flashcards

Biomechanics- Axis and Planes Flashcards

1
Q

three planes

A

sagittal
frontal
transverse

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2
Q
  • vertical plane passing through the body from front to back
  • divides into right half and left half
  • divides body into equal symmetrical halves
A

sagittal plane

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3
Q
  • vertical plane passing through the body from side to side
  • divides body into front and back half
  • divides body into equal, but asymmetrical halves
A

frontal plane

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4
Q
  • horizontal plane passing through the body from side to side and front to back
  • divides body into upper and lower halves
  • divides body into equal, but asymmetrical halves
A

transverse plane

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5
Q
  • always perpendicular to the plane in which the motion takes place
  • used to describe specific kind of motion
A

axis of motion

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6
Q

considered the proximal part

A

axis of motion

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7
Q

takes place in the distal part

A

motion

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8
Q

the line around which motion takes place

A

axis

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9
Q

vertical axis perpendicular to the ground and lies in the frontal and sagittal planes

A
  • frontal-sagittal axis
  • axis of transverse plane of motion
  • abduction and adduction motion of foot
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10
Q

horizontal axis which passes from side to side and lies in frontal and transverse planes

A
  • frontal-transverse axis
  • axis of sagittal plane of motion
  • dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of the foot. flexion and extension of the leg
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11
Q

horizontal axis which passes from front to back and lies in sagittal and transverse planes

A
  • sagittal-transverse axis
  • axis of frontal plane motion
  • inversion/eversion of the foot
  • abduction and adduction in leg (not to be confused with transverse plane motion)
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12
Q
  • motion of transverse plan around frontal-sagittal axis

- moves away from midline

A

abduction

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13
Q
  • motion of transverse plane around a frontal-sagittal axis

- moves toward midline

A

adduction

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14
Q
  • motion of sagittal plane around a transverse-frontal axis

- distal aspect of foot moves dorsally, towards tibia

A

dorsiflexion

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15
Q
  • motion in sagittal plane around transverse-frontal axis

- distal aspect of foot moves plantarly, away from tibia

A

Plantarflexion

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16
Q
  • motion of frontal plane around transverse-sagittal axis

- plantar surface of foot move toward midline of the body.

A

inversion

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17
Q
  • motion of frontal plane around a transverse-sagittal axis

- plantar surface of foot move away from midline of body

A

eversion

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18
Q
  • complex triplane motions
  • component on all three body planes
  • none can take place independently of the other two.
A

pronation and supination

19
Q

motion occurring when it’s not weight-bearing

A

open kinetic chain

20
Q

motion when force is applied

A

closed kinetic chain

21
Q

motion of the leg- abduction and adduction

A

frontal plane motion

22
Q

motion of the leg- flexion and extension

A

sagittal plane motion

23
Q

motion of the leg- internal and external rotation

A

transverse plane motion

24
Q

Fixed structural variations of the foot:
- fixation of a part in the position it would assume in adduction. A transverse fixation with the distal end displaced toward the midline.

A

adductus

25
Q

Fixed structural variations of the foot:

  • fixation of a part in the position it would assume in abduction.
  • transverse fixation with the distal end displaced away from the midline.
A

abductus

26
Q

Fixed structural variations of the foot:

  • fixation of the part in the position it would assume if inverted
  • frontal plane fixation in which the plantar surface is turned toward the midline.
A

varus

27
Q

Fixed structural variations of the foot:

  • fixation of the part in the position it would assume if everted.
  • frontal plane fixation in which the plantar surface is turned away from the midline.
A

valgus

28
Q

Fixed structural variations of the foot:

  • fixation of the foot or part of the foot in the position it would assume if plantarflexed.
  • distal end of the part is further away from the tibia.
A

equinus

ex. someone walking on their tip-toes

29
Q

Fixed structural variations of the foot:

  • fixation of the foot or part of the foot in the position it would assume if dorsiflexed.
  • distal end of the part is closer to the tibia.
A

calcaneus

30
Q

Fixed structural variations of the foot:

  • hereditary defects which change the position of the entire foot.
  • deformity can be either in the talus, calcaneus or both.
A

talipes

31
Q

sagittal plane of dorsal and plantar flexion

- motion does occur in all 3 planes

A

Dominant motion of ankle

32
Q

deviates 42 degrees from transverse and 16 degrees from sagittal plane

A

subtalar joint axis

33
Q

equal amounts of transverse and frontal plane motion, only some sagittal plane motion due to the 42:16 degree angle

A

Dominant motion of subtalar joint

34
Q

access of motion deviated 10 degrees from transverse plane and 60 from sagittal

A

flat foot

35
Q

sagittal plane and triplace motion, no medial column

A

Dominant motion of flat foot

36
Q

15 degrees from transverse plane and 9 degrees from sagittal plane

A

longitudinal axis of midtarsal joint

37
Q

52 degrees from transverse plane and 57 degrees from sagittal plane

A

oblique axis of midtarsal joint

38
Q

frontal motion, inversion and eversion

A

dominant motion for midtarsal joint

39
Q
  • 45 degrees from frontal and sagittal planes

- no deviation from transverse plane (no motion)

A

first ray axis

40
Q

equal amounts of sagittal and frontal motion with no motion in the transverse plane

A

dominant motion of first ray axis

41
Q

deformity in the transverse plane of first ray axis

A

bunion

42
Q

first ray dorsiflexes

A

it inverts

43
Q

first ray plantarflexes

A

it everts

44
Q

Read this article

A

Donald Green, “Planal Dominance”. JAPMA, Vol 74, February, 1984.

Pod Med Exam 2 (12 decks)

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