Biomechanics and tissue changes in edentulous patients Flashcards

1
Q

What is biomechanics?

A

study the mechanical nature of biological processes

the study of the action of eternal and internal forces on the living systems - mastication

help in designing new denture

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2
Q

Effect of tooth loss on the PDL?

A

viscoelasticity of the PL missing

sensory feedback mechanism

osteogenetic potential that responds to the forces applied missing

support and sensory perception are therefore altered with complete dentures

mucous membrane sever the functions of PL with its attendant deficiencies

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3
Q

Role of the PDL?

A

support and positional adjustments of the tooth

also sensory perception

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4
Q

What usually happens with tooth loss on the alveolar bone?

A

resorption of the alveolar bone - reduction of the residual ridge

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5
Q

How many Classifications of alveolar bone resorption?

A

1-6

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6
Q

When does the most amount of bone loss occur in after tooth loss?

A

first year

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7
Q

class 1 alveolar bone resorption?

A

dentate

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8
Q

class 2 bone resorption?

A

post extractionc

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9
Q

class 3 bone resorption?

A

rounded ridge, adequate height and width

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10
Q

class 4 bone resorption?

A

knife edge ridge, adequate height, inadequate width

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11
Q

class 5 bone resorption?

A

flat ridge, inadequate height and width

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12
Q

class 6 bone resorption?

A

depressed ridge with varying degrees of basal bone loss that may be extensive but follows no predictable pattern

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13
Q

3 dimensional changes in alveolar bone loss?

A

interach changes:

ateroposteriorly: shorter

transversely: maxillary arch narrowed and mandibular arch broader

vertically: interach distance increases

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14
Q

What counteracts the increase in interarch increasing in dimension?

A

vertical shortening of lower face - cased by closing moving or autorotation of mandible

more pronounced chin and problematic jaw

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15
Q

Effect of tooth loss on muscles?

A

as alveolar bone loss increases, the circumolar and FOM muscles become increasing superficial

decrease in masticatory forces achieved with complete dentures

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16
Q

what muscles doe tooth loss affect?

A

circumolar and FOM muscles

17
Q

why does masticatory force decrease due to tooth loss?

A

changes pt diet

could have a systemic effect e.g. vitamin intake due to less meat or fibrous vegetables

18
Q

Effects if edentulous state, changes manifesting n edentulous pts? (17)

A

altered facial appearance due to chnaging maxillo-mandibular relationship

altered an dreduced support system

compromised tolerance of the oral tissues

increased risk of pathological changes

increased risk of maladaptive denture wearing experience

reduced support area

reduced or altered neuromuscular control

reduced chewing forces

reduced salivary flow

reduced healing potential;

resulting in compromised denture bearing tissues

phycological

emotional

aesthetic: lower height, collapse of the commissure, cheeks, lips

functional: mastication speech

systemic - metabolic, cardiovascular, cancer

local tissue changes

19
Q

What is movement of the denture related to?

A

stability of the denture

resiliency of the mucosa

  • movements can further complicate the reduced support status
20
Q

How does the movement of the complete denture manifest?

A

displacement

lifting

sliding

tilting

rotating of the dentures

21
Q

muscles affecting retention and stability?

A

orbicularis oris

buccinator

risorius

intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue

22
Q

Dentures are constructed with the following objectives?

A

minimise the forces transmitted to the supporting tissue

reduce the movement of the dentures

23
Q

Factors under the control of the clinician?

A

appropriate optimal extension of the denture base

maximum intimate contact of the denture base with the basal seat

designing the smooth surfaces of the denture to utilise and balance peri-oral and tongue muscles activity to maximise retention an stability

arrangement of the prosthetic teeth in the neutral zone