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PE A Level - Amber > Biomechanics > Flashcards

Biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

Define velocity

A

The rate of change in displacement

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2
Q

Velocity equation

A

Velocity (m/s) = displacement (m)/ time taken (s)

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3
Q

Define Momentum

A

The quantity of motion possessed by a moving body

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4
Q

Momentum equation

A

Momentum (kgm/s) = mass (kg) x velocity (m/s)

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5
Q

Define Acceleration

A

The rate of change of velocity

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6
Q

Acceleration equation

A

Acceleration (m/s^2) = Final velocity (m/s) - initial velocity / time take (s)

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7
Q

Define Force

A

A push or pull that alters the state of motion of a body.

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8
Q

Force equation

A

Force (N) = Mass x Acceleration (F=Ma)

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9
Q

Define netforce

A

The overall force acting on
a body when all individual
forces have been considered.

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10
Q

Define Reaction

A

Whenever there is a point of contact between two bodies, there will always be a reactionary force.

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11
Q

Define Weight

A

Gravitational force that the Earth exacts on the body (Downwards).

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12
Q

Define Friction

A

The force that opposes the motion of two surfaces in contact.

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13
Q

Define Centre Of Mass

A

The point where the mass of the body tends to be concentrated and balanced in all directions

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14
Q

Newtons 3 laws of motion

A

N1L - Law of inertia = A body remain in a state of uniform velocity or rest, unless acted upon by an external force.

N2L - Law of acceleration = When a force acts on an object, the rate of change of momentum experienced by the object is proportional to the size of the force and takes place in the direction in which the force acts

N3L - Law of reaction = Whenever an object exerts force on another, there is a force equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, caused by the second object.

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15
Q

Define Fulcrum

A

Fixed point of rotation about which the lever moves

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16
Q

Define Load

A

The resistance or weight to be moved. The weight of a human body part to be moved is the load

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17
Q

Define Effort

A

The force being applied that causes the lever to move. The agonist muscle in the human body

18
Q

Define load arm

A

The perpendicular distance from the fulcrum to the load.

19
Q

Define effort arm

A

The perpendicular distance from the fulcrum to the effort.

20
Q

Linear motion

A

Linear motion is movement of a body in a straight or curved line, where all parts move the same distance, in the same direction, over the same time’.

21
Q

5 descriptors of linear motion

A

1) Distance = The total length of the path/ route covered from start to finish
2) Displacement = The shortest straight-line route from start to finish
3) Speed = the rate of change in distance (Distance/Time)
4) Velocity The rate of change in displacement.
5) Acceleration = The rate of change in velocity

22
Q

Define angular motion

A

the movement of a body or part of a body in a circular path about an axis of rotation’.

23
Q

3 descriptors of angular motion

A

angular velocity
moment of inertia
angular momentum

24
Q

Define angular velocity

A

is the rate of change in angular displacement OR

the rate of rotation.

25
Q

Define moment of inertia

A

is the resistance of a body to change its state of angular motion or rotation.

26
Q

Define angular momentum

A

the quantity of angular motion possessed by a body

27
Q

Angular motion unit

A

rad (radians)

28
Q

Moment of inertia equation

A

MI = ∑m x r2

29
Q

Analogue law

A

A rotating body will continue to turn about its axis of rotation with constant angular momentum unless acted upon by an eccentric force or external torque

30
Q

Projectile motion

A

The movement of a body through the air following a curved flight path under the force of gravity

31
Q

Key factors of projectile motion

A

1) Speed of release
2) Angle of release
3) Height of release
4) Aerodynamics

32
Q

Dominant force of a non-parabolic flight path

A

air resistance

33
Q

Dominant force of a parabolic flight path

A

weight

34
Q

Define a lift force

A

An additional force created by a pressure gradient forming on opposing surfaces of an aerofoil moving through a fluid or the air

35
Q

Inverted aerofoil in F1 created by?

A

Spoiler bar - acts as an INVERTED AEROFOIL, decreasing air velocity over the car.

Front Wing - funnels air underneath car, allowing it to travel at high velocity.

36
Q

What happens when the magnus effect takes place

A

As velocity is greater on the opposite side, pressure is lower. The resulting magnus effect will be the projectile moving in the direction of the pressure gradient.

37
Q

Types of spin

A

top spin
back spin
side spin - hook or slice

38
Q

top spin

A

causes ball to dip/ comes down more quickly/ shorter flight path

39
Q

back spin

A

causes ball to float/ travel further/ longer flight path

40
Q

side spin

A

causes ball to swerve/ bend/ deviate to left or right/ hook/ slice

PE A Level - Amber (2 decks)

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