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Dental Materials > Biomechanics > Flashcards

Biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the goals of dental materials

A

longevity, function properly, aesthetics, patient satisfaction

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2
Q

Model of dental materials

A

similar to tooth structure, properties, and composition

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3
Q

What are the limitations of dental materials?

A

cannot know everything about a given material/system, have to choose parameters

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4
Q

Define measure (surface properties)

A

contact angle used to measure how liquid interacts w/ solid

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5
Q

Define good wetting

A

low contact angle

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6
Q

Define poor wetting

A

high contact angle

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7
Q

What are some clinical consequences of surface properties?

A

bonding time, cell attachment (sheer strength), hydrophilic/phobic, and surface area/roughness

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8
Q

What makes sealants

A

a slowable resin with NO filler that is clear

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9
Q

Is HEMA hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

A

possesses both

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10
Q

What is an advantage of hydroPHILIC primers?

A

low viscosity and allows for attachment to composite

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11
Q

Is tooth structure (dentin) hydrophobic or hydrophilic

A

hydrophobic

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12
Q

Where is surface wetting important?

A

anytime two different materials come in contact, impression materials, adhesives, bacterial adhesion

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13
Q

What does primary bonding affect?

A

chemical and electrochemical reactions

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14
Q

What does secondary bonding affect?

A

adsorption (onto) and absorption (into)

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15
Q

How are metals affected?

A

corrosion or spontaneous destructive oxidation

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16
Q

what metal do not corrode?

A

gold, platinum, titanum and palladium

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17
Q

Define active corrosion

A

leads to destruction via gamma 2

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18
Q

Define passive corrosion

A

production od corrive film that prevents further corrosion

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19
Q

Define immune corrosion

A

noble metals (full valence octet)

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20
Q

What are the components of electrochemical corrosion?

A

anode, cathode, circuit, and electrolights in solution

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21
Q

What is an anode?

A

corroded metal

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22
Q

What is a cathode

A

a passive supplier of electrons to solution

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23
Q

What are the four types of corrosion?

A

glavanic, structural selective, cervice (crack), stress

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24
Q

Define chemical dissolution

A

dissolution of oxides created by hydrogen bonding effect of water in local areas of high acidity

25
Q

What does absorption of water affect polymers?

A

the secondary bonds cause 3D changes and the primary bonds of the polymer breaks piece by piece

26
Q

What are the concerns of biological properties?

A

No adverse reaction, toxicity, and sensitivity to react/degrade

27
Q

Define mechanical properties

A

how a material responds to loads/forces

28
Q

What are the three types of single dimension forces?

A

Compression (push together)
Tension (pull apart)
Shear (opposing forces)

29
Q

What are the three types of combination forces?

A

Torsion (twisting)
flexsion (tensile or bending)
Diametral compression (capable of being stretched)

30
Q

What is the correlationn between stress and strain?

A

directly coerelated

more stress - more strain until elastic limit

31
Q

Define ultimate stress

A

highest stress (force/area)

32
Q

Define elastc modulus

A

Stiffness

33
Q

Define plastic deformation

A

when a sufficient load is applied, it will cause the material to change shape but revert to the original shape

34
Q

Define elastic deformation

A

when a sufficient load is applied,it will cause the material to change shape

35
Q

Define total deformation

A

plastic and elastic deformation

36
Q

Define stiff brittle

A

high stress and does not change length

37
Q

Define stiff ductile

A

high stress and changes length

38
Q

Define flexible ductile

A

low stress drastically changes the length

39
Q

Define resilience

A

measures the energy absorbed by the material before deformation

40
Q

Define toughness

A

measures the energy absorbed by a material before failure or fracture

41
Q

What are mechanical events dependent on?

A

time and temperature

42
Q

Do impressions removed fast have higher or lower deformation?

A

Lower

43
Q

What is hardness a relative measure of?

A

Plastic deformation

44
Q

Define fracture toughness

A

measures the resistance to crack propagation

45
Q

What happens to mechanical properties over time?

A

the properties degrade, cracks & non-difficult defects accumulate, water is absorbed

46
Q

Define creep

A

deformation over time in response to low constant stress

47
Q

What happens after many cycles of low stress?

A

fatigue or small amounts of deformation accumulate until failure occur at low stress

48
Q

True or false, the larger the number of cycles the less stress that can be applied before failure

A

True

49
Q

What class of lever is chewing?

A

Class 3,

Fulcrum , effort, load

50
Q

What is normal biting forces?

A

35-125 lbs or 150-550 N

51
Q

What kind of forces are teeth subjected to when chewing?

A

strain through subclinical movements

52
Q

What kind of forces lead to heavy wear on teeth?

A

abfractions or mechanical tooth loss that is not caused by decay and is often found along the gum line

53
Q

What leads to microfractures of enamel rods?

A

cyclic tension and compression

54
Q

Define microfracture

A

enamel loss due to mechanical or chemical forces

55
Q

How is stress transferred in a tooth?

A

The stress causes formation in enamel, which is transferred to dentin via DEJ

56
Q

Do preps weaken the tooth structure?

A

Yes, it takes a smaller load to break or reach critical strain

57
Q

Define single cycle overload

A

single event that is very sudden that causes breakage

58
Q

Rank the materials that can handle the most stress to least before breaking

A

CVC>composite>amalgam

59
Q

True or false, the composite interface should be continuous and strong?

A

True

Dental Materials (6 decks)

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