Adhesives

Question 1

What are sealants?

Answer 1

polymer coating to protect the teeth from further decay

Question 2

What are the characteristic designs that allow for direct use?

Answer 2

light cured, flowable into pits

Question 3

What is recommended to use before sealants to prepare the enamel?

Answer 3

etch

Question 4

What is the major structural chemical used in sealant?

Answer 4

BidGMA-TEGDMA

Question 5

Does sealant use fillers?

Answer 5

No

Question 6

What type of bonding does the sealants have with the enamel?

Answer 6

mechanical

Question 7

Are sealants meant to last a long time?

Answer 7

no but etching helps to extend longevity

Question 8

What is macrotags?

Answer 8

larger interprism resin penetration

— looks like small notches in enamel

Question 9

What are microtags and what is their purpose?

Answer 9

smaller penetrations into the enamel that provide the major retention of the sealant

Question 10

How does oxygen inhibit sealants/polymerization?

Answer 10

interferes with radical polymerization via termination

thinner layer = bigger problem

Question 11

The an adhesive layer usually hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

Answer 11

Both in order to bond with enamel and dentin

Question 12

Do adhesive possess acid or basic groups that promote bonding

Answer 12

acidic

Question 13

Are adhesive filled or unfilled?

Answer 13

unfilled or lightly filled

Question 14

What two properties must flowable materials balance?

Answer 14

viscosity and mechanical properties

Question 15

How does the resin viscosity correlate with mechanical properties?

Answer 15

increase in mechanical properties = increase in viscosity

Question 16

How does increasing filler load affect the viscosity and mechanical properties?

Answer 16

increases viscosity and improves mechanical properties

Question 17

Where in the tooth-adhesive-composite model does adhesive failure occur?

Answer 17

above adhesive

Question 18

Where in the tooth-adhesive-composite model does cohesive failure occur?

Answer 18

in the middle of the adhesive layer

Question 19

Where in the tooth-adhesive-composite model does structural failure occur?

Answer 19

in the dentin

Question 20

What structures can interfere with adhesive bonding to tubular dentin?

Answer 20

The smear layer and plug

Question 21

What is the smear layer and plug composed of?

Answer 21

ground collagen and hydroxy-appetite

Question 22

How many steps are total-etch adhesives?

Answer 22

2-3

Question 23

How many steps are self-etch adhesives?

Answer 23

1-2

Question 24

How many steps are RMGI adhesives?

Answer 24

1

Question 25

What are the 4 traditional steps for dentin bonding?

Answer 25

etch, prime, adhesive, restoration

Question 26

Is the primer hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

Answer 26

hydrophilic

Question 27

Can glass-ionomers be a cement, base, and/or liner?

Answer 27

cement and base

Question 28

Can zinc oxide eugenol be a cement, base, and/or liner?

Answer 28

all 3

Question 29

Can calcium hydroxide be a cement, base, and/or liner?

Answer 29

liner and base

Question 30

What is characteristic of cements?

Answer 30

used to bind restoration of appliances to tooth structure

Question 31

What are the three types of cements?

Answer 31

water-based resin based oil based

Question 32

What are the curing mechanisms?

Answer 32

light cure cold-cure for methacrylate water cure for cements

Question 33

What is the general scheme of chemical or cold cure?

Answer 33

mix part A and B to initiate polymerization

Question 34

How does one control the balance between mechanical properties and viscosity?

Answer 34

more filler = high viscosity & modulus | more liquid = opposite and longer working/setting time

Question 35

What is the powder to liquid ratio?

Answer 35

2.7:1

Question 36

Do resin based cements use monomers that are high or low in MW?

Answer 36

Low

Question 37

What are resin based cements used for?

Answer 37

ortho, cermanic corwns/bridges, veneers, inlays

Question 38

What is 4-META modifier?

Answer 38

an additive to promote bonding in resin adhesives

Question 39

What is zinc phosphate used for?

Answer 39

crowns

Question 40

What is a liner?

Answer 40

realtively thin material used to protect dentin from residual reactants that diffuse out of the restoration/oral fluids that may penetrate leaky restorations

Question 41

Do liners have a high or low viscosity

Answer 41

low

Question 42

What solution liners are used under amalgam?

Answer 42

copal varnish

Question 43

What solution liners are used under composite?

Answer 43

adhesives

Question 44

What are the requirements of an extensive carie?

Answer 44

close to pulp (0.5 mm) or exposed pylp

Question 45

What is used to protect the pulp in extensive caries?

Answer 45

calcium hydroxide liner

Question 46

What is characteristic of CaOH2 liners?

Answer 46

``` paste reacts via acid/base calcium ions cross link insulator high solubility stimulates reparative dentin ```

Question 47

What cell is stimulated by CaOH2?

Answer 47

odontoblasts

Question 48

What is the brand name of CaOH2?

Answer 48

Dycal

Question 49

What are the components of zinc oxide and eugenol?

Answer 49

reinforced powder, ZnO powder, eugenol oil of clove

Question 50

What is the purpose of the oil of clove?

Answer 50

dulls pain (obtundent)

Question 51

What are the restriction of zinc oxide and eunegol?

Answer 51

cannot be sued under composite and inhibits polymerization

Question 52

What is the purpose of liners and bases?

Answer 52

protect the pulp minimize post-op sensitivity (insulator and calm inflammation) controls fluid movement

Question 53

Define bases

Answer 53

Provide thermal protection for the pulp and mechanical support for restorations by distributing the stress across underlying dentin

Question 54

What are the types of bases?

Answer 54

only water based

Question 55

What is the reaction utilized by bases?

Answer 55

acid-base reactions

Question 56

What are the characteristics of wax?

Answer 56

``` temporary melt at low temp carvable burn off stable dimensionally ```

Question 57

Is the thermal expansion coefficient of wax small or large?

Answer 57

large